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    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *hagustaldaz</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-01"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_hagustaldaz</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_hagustaldaz" type="noun" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hagustaldaz">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>hagustaldaz</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈxɑ.ɣu.ˌstɑl.dɑz</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᚺᚨᚷᚢᛊᛏᚨᛚᛞᚨᛉ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>noun</pos>
            <gram type="gender">masculine</gram>
            <gram type="stem">a-stem</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>young man</def>
          </sense>
          <sense n="2">
            <def>servant</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">From *haguz (‘fence, enclosure, hedge’) + *staldaz, from Proto-Indo-European *steld-.</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom">
              <orth>hagustaldaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom">
              <orth>hagustaldōz, hagustaldōs</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc">
              <orth>hagustaldą</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc">
              <orth>hagustaldanz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen">
              <orth>hagustaldas, hagustaldis</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen">
              <orth>hagustaldǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat">
              <orth>hagustaldai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat">
              <orth>hagustaldamaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr">
              <orth>hagustaldō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr">
              <orth>hagustaldamiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #voc">
              <orth>hagustald</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #voc">
              <orth>hagustaldōz, hagustaldōs</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*hagustald</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>hagosteald, hagusteald, hæġsteald, heġsteald, hehstald</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>hassel, haselle</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                      <orth>haukstaldar, haukstallar</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*hagustald</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>hagastalt, hagustalt</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>hagestalt, hagestolt</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German</lang>
                        <orth>Hagestolz</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*hagustald</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>hagastald, hagustald</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>hāgestolte, hāgestolt, hāgenstolt</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-Norse</lang>
                  <orth>ᚺᚨᚷᚢᛊᛏᚨᛚᛞᚨᛉ (hagustaldaʀ)</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                    <orth>haukstaldr, haukstallr, ᛅᛋ[ᚴᚢ]ᛚᛏᛦ (as[ku]ltʀ)</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                      <orth>haukstaldur</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
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