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<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xml:lang="en" version="4.12.0">
  <teiHeader>
    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *haiduz</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-01"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_haiduz</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <list type="cognates">
        <item xml:id="cog_san_ketu" xml:lang="san" type="cognate">
          <orth>केतु</orth>
          <form type="translit">
            <orth>ketú</orth>
          </form>
          <def>brightness, light; appearance, form, mark</def>
        </item>
      </list>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_haiduz" type="noun" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/haiduz">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>haiduz</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈxɑi̯.ðuz</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᚺᚨᛁᛞᚢᛉ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>noun</pos>
            <gram type="gender">masculine</gram>
            <gram type="stem">u-stem</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>manner, way</def>
          </sense>
          <sense n="2">
            <def>personality, character</def>
          </sense>
          <sense n="3">
            <def>appearance, aspect</def>
          </sense>
          <sense n="4">
            <def>rank, degree, status</def>
          </sense>
          <sense n="5">
            <def>state, condition</def>
          </sense>
          <sense n="6">
            <def>kind, sort; gender</def>
          </sense>
          <sense n="7">
            <def>-hood</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">Apparently identical to Sanskrit <mentioned xml:lang="san" target="#cog_san_ketu"><ref target="#cog_san_ketu">केतु</ref></mentioned> (ketú, ‘brightness, light; appearance, form, mark’), from Proto-Indo-European *koyt-ús, from the root *keyt- (‘clear, bright, shining’), whence also *haidraz (‘clear, bright’). A pre-form *keydʰ- is also possible.</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom">
              <orth>haiduz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom">
              <orth>haidiwiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc">
              <orth>haidų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc">
              <orth>haidunz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen">
              <orth>haidauz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen">
              <orth>haidiwǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat">
              <orth>haidiwi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat">
              <orth>haidumaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr">
              <orth>haidū</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr">
              <orth>haidumiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #voc">
              <orth>haidu</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #voc">
              <orth>haidiwiz</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*haidu</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>*-hēd, *-heid</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>-heit</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Dutch</lang>
                        <orth>-heid</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Afrikaans</lang>
                          <orth>-heid</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*haidu</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>hād, -hād, *hǣd, *-hǣd, *-hǣdu</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>had, hod, hode, hede, -had, -hod, -hed, -hede</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>English</lang>
                        <orth>hade, hede, hode, -hood, -head</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Scots</lang>
                        <orth>had, hade, haid, -heid</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*haidu</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old French</lang>
                    <orth>hait</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Old French</lang>
                      <orth>haitier</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*haidu</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Frisian</lang>
                    <orth>-hēd</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Saterland Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>-haid, -gaid</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>West Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>-heid</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*haidu</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>heit, -heit</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>-heit</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German</lang>
                        <orth>-heit, -keit</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Yiddish</lang>
                        <orth>־הייט (-heyt), ־קייט (-keyt)</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*haidu</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>-hēd</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>-heit</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Danish</lang>
                        <orth>-hed</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German Low German</lang>
                        <orth>-heid (East Frisian), -heit (Mecklenburgisch-Vorpommerisch, Paderbornisch), -heet, -het</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                        <orth>-heit</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Norwegian Bokmål</lang>
                        <orth>-het</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Norwegian Nynorsk</lang>
                        <orth>-heit</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Swedish</lang>
                        <orth>-het</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*-haidu</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>*-hēd, *-heid</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>-heit</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Dutch</lang>
                        <orth>-heid</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Afrikaans</lang>
                          <orth>-heid</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*-haidu</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>hād, -hād, *hǣd, *-hǣd, *-hǣdu</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>had, hod, hode, hede, -had, -hod, -hed, -hede</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>English</lang>
                        <orth>hade, hede, hode, -hood, -head</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Scots</lang>
                        <orth>had, hade, haid, -heid</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*-haidu</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old French</lang>
                    <orth>hait</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Old French</lang>
                      <orth>haitier</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*-haidu</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Frisian</lang>
                    <orth>-hēd</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Saterland Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>-haid, -gaid</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>West Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>-heid</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*-haidu</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>heit, -heit</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>-heit</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German</lang>
                        <orth>-heit, -keit</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Yiddish</lang>
                        <orth>־הייט (-heyt), ־קייט (-keyt)</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*-haidu</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>-hēd</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>-heit</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Danish</lang>
                        <orth>-hed</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German Low German</lang>
                        <orth>-heid (East Frisian), -heit (Mecklenburgisch-Vorpommerisch, Paderbornisch), -heet, -het</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                        <orth>-heit</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Norwegian Bokmål</lang>
                        <orth>-het</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Norwegian Nynorsk</lang>
                        <orth>-heit</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Swedish</lang>
                        <orth>-het</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*-haidi</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>*-hēd, *-heid</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>-heit</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Dutch</lang>
                        <orth>-heid</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Afrikaans</lang>
                          <orth>-heid</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*-haidi</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>hād, -hād, *hǣd, *-hǣd, *-hǣdu</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>had, hod, hode, hede, -had, -hod, -hed, -hede</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>English</lang>
                        <orth>hade, hede, hode, -hood, -head</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Scots</lang>
                        <orth>had, hade, haid, -heid</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*-haidi</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old French</lang>
                    <orth>hait</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Old French</lang>
                      <orth>haitier</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*-haidi</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Frisian</lang>
                    <orth>-hēd</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Saterland Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>-haid, -gaid</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>West Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>-heid</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*-haidi</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>heit, -heit</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>-heit</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German</lang>
                        <orth>-heit, -keit</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Yiddish</lang>
                        <orth>־הייט (-heyt), ־קייט (-keyt)</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*-haidi</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>-hēd</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>-heit</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Danish</lang>
                        <orth>-hed</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German Low German</lang>
                        <orth>-heid (East Frisian), -heit (Mecklenburgisch-Vorpommerisch, Paderbornisch), -heet, -het</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                        <orth>-heit</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Norwegian Bokmål</lang>
                        <orth>-het</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Norwegian Nynorsk</lang>
                        <orth>-heit</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Swedish</lang>
                        <orth>-het</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>heiðr</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Faroese</lang>
                    <orth>heiður</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>heiður</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian Bokmål</lang>
                    <orth>heder</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian Nynorsk</lang>
                    <orth>heider</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>heiðr</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Danish</lang>
                    <orth>hæthær</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Danish</lang>
                      <orth>hæder</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>heiðr</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Swedish</lang>
                    <orth>hēþer</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Swedish</lang>
                      <orth>heder</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Gothic</lang>
                  <orth>𐌷𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌿𐍃 (haidus)</orth>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
  </text>
</TEI>
