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    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *hallō</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-01"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_hallō</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <list type="cognates">
        <item xml:id="cog_grc_kalia" xml:lang="grc" type="cognate">
          <orth>καλῑᾱ́</orth>
          <form type="translit">
            <orth>kalīā́</orth>
          </form>
          <def>hut; granary</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_lat_cella" xml:lang="lat" type="cognate">
          <orth>cella</orth>
          <def>room, cell</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_san_sala" xml:lang="san" type="cognate">
          <orth>शाला</orth>
          <form type="translit">
            <orth>śā́lā</orth>
          </form>
          <def>house, mansion, hall</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_sga_cuile" xml:lang="sga" type="cognate">
          <orth>cuile</orth>
          <def>storeroom, kitchen</def>
        </item>
      </list>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_hallo" type="noun" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hallō">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>hallō</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈxɑl.lɔː</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᚺᚨᛚᛟ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>noun</pos>
            <gram type="gender">feminine</gram>
            <gram type="stem">ō-stem</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>hall</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">From pre-Germanic *ḱol-n-éh₂, from a Proto-Indo-European n-stem meaning “storeroom” or “main room of a house”, whence perhaps also Latin <mentioned xml:lang="lat" target="#cog_lat_cella"><ref target="#cog_lat_cella">cella</ref></mentioned> (‘room, cell’), derived from the root *ḱel- (‘to hide, cover, conceal, protect’) (whence Proto-Germanic *helaną (‘to hide, conceal’)). Further cognate with Sanskrit <mentioned xml:lang="san" target="#cog_san_sala"><ref target="#cog_san_sala">शाला</ref></mentioned> (śā́lā, ‘house, mansion, hall’), Old Irish <mentioned xml:lang="sga" target="#cog_sga_cuile"><ref target="#cog_sga_cuile">cuile</ref></mentioned> (‘storeroom, kitchen’) and possibly Ancient Greek <mentioned xml:lang="grc" target="#cog_grc_kalia"><ref target="#cog_grc_kalia">καλῑᾱ́</ref></mentioned> (kalīā́, ‘hut; granary’).</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom">
              <orth>hallō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom">
              <orth>hallôz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc">
              <orth>hallǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc">
              <orth>hallōz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen">
              <orth>hallōz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen">
              <orth>hallǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat">
              <orth>hallōi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat">
              <orth>hallōmaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr">
              <orth>hallō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr">
              <orth>hallōmiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #voc">
              <orth>hallō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #voc">
              <orth>hallôz</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*hallu</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Medieval Latin</lang>
                    <orth>halla</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*hallu</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>*halla</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>halle</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Dutch</lang>
                        <orth>hal</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*hallu</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>heall</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>halle, hall, hal, hale, alle, hawle, haule</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>English</lang>
                        <orth>hall</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Scots</lang>
                        <orth>haw</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Yola</lang>
                        <orth>haul</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*hallu</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Frisian</lang>
                    <orth>*hall, *hell</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Saterland Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>Halle</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>West Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>hille</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*hallu</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>halla</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>halle</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German</lang>
                        <orth>Halle</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Italian</lang>
                        <orth>alla</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Luxembourgish</lang>
                        <orth>Hal</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*hallu</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>halla</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>halle</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German Low German</lang>
                        <orth>Hall</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Low German</lang>
                        <orth>Hall</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-Norse</lang>
                  <orth>*ᚺᚨᛚᚢ (*halu)</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                    <orth>hǫll</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Danish</lang>
                      <orth>hal</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Faroese</lang>
                      <orth>høll</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                      <orth>höll</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Norwegian Bokmål</lang>
                      <orth>hall</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Norwegian Nynorsk</lang>
                      <orth>hall</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-Norse</lang>
                  <orth>*ᚺᚨᛚᚢ (*halu)</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                    <orth>hǫll</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Old Swedish</lang>
                      <orth>hal</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Swedish</lang>
                        <orth>hall</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
  </text>
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