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  <teiHeader>
    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *haltaz</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-02"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_haltaz</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <list type="cognates">
        <item xml:id="cog_sga_coll" xml:lang="sga" type="cognate">
          <orth>coll</orth>
          <def>destruction</def>
        </item>
      </list>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_haltaz" type="adj" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/haltaz">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>haltaz</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈxɑl.tɑz</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᚺᚨᛚᛏᚨᛉ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>adj</pos>
            <gram type="stem">a-stem</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>lame, halt</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">From Pre-Germanic *koldos, from Proto-Indo-European *kelh₂-d-. Related to Old Irish <mentioned xml:lang="sga" target="#cog_sga_coll"><ref target="#cog_sga_coll">coll</ref></mentioned> (‘destruction’).</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #masc #strong">
              <orth>haltaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #fem #strong">
              <orth>haltō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #neut #strong">
              <orth>haltą, -atō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #masc #strong">
              <orth>haltai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #fem #strong">
              <orth>haltôz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #neut #strong">
              <orth>haltō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #masc #strong">
              <orth>haltanǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #fem #strong">
              <orth>haltǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #neut #strong">
              <orth>haltą, -atō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #masc #strong">
              <orth>haltanz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #fem #strong">
              <orth>haltōz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #neut #strong">
              <orth>haltō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #masc #strong">
              <orth>haltas, -is</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #fem #strong">
              <orth>haltaizōz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #neut #strong">
              <orth>haltas, -is</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #masc #strong">
              <orth>haltaizǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #fem #strong">
              <orth>haltaizǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #neut #strong">
              <orth>haltaizǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #masc #strong">
              <orth>haltammai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #fem #strong">
              <orth>haltaizōi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #neut #strong">
              <orth>haltammai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #masc #strong">
              <orth>haltaimaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #fem #strong">
              <orth>haltaimaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #neut #strong">
              <orth>haltaimaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #masc #strong">
              <orth>haltanō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #fem #strong">
              <orth>haltaizō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #neut #strong">
              <orth>haltanō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #masc #strong">
              <orth>haltaimiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #fem #strong">
              <orth>haltaimiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #neut #strong">
              <orth>haltaimiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #masc #weak">
              <orth>haltô</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #fem #weak">
              <orth>haltǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #neut #weak">
              <orth>haltô</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #masc #weak">
              <orth>haltaniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #fem #weak">
              <orth>haltōniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #neut #weak">
              <orth>haltōnō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #masc #weak">
              <orth>haltanų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #fem #weak">
              <orth>haltōnų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #neut #weak">
              <orth>haltô</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #masc #weak">
              <orth>haltanunz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #fem #weak">
              <orth>haltōnunz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #neut #weak">
              <orth>haltōnō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #masc #weak">
              <orth>haltiniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #fem #weak">
              <orth>haltōniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #neut #weak">
              <orth>haltiniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #masc #weak">
              <orth>haltanǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #fem #weak">
              <orth>haltōnǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #neut #weak">
              <orth>haltanǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #masc #weak">
              <orth>haltini</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #fem #weak">
              <orth>haltōni</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #neut #weak">
              <orth>haltini</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #masc #weak">
              <orth>haltammaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #fem #weak">
              <orth>haltōmaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #neut #weak">
              <orth>haltammaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #masc #weak">
              <orth>haltinē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #fem #weak">
              <orth>haltōnē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #neut #weak">
              <orth>haltinē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #masc #weak">
              <orth>haltammiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #fem #weak">
              <orth>haltōmiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #neut #weak">
              <orth>haltammiz</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*halt</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>*halt</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>hout, halt</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*halt</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>healt, halt</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>halt, hallt, alte</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>English</lang>
                        <orth>halt</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Middle Scots</lang>
                        <orth>halt</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*halt</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Frisian</lang>
                    <orth>halt</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>North Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>halt</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*halt</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>halz</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>halz</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*halt</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>halt</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>halt</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Low German</lang>
                        <orth>halt</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>haltr</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Danish</lang>
                    <orth>halt</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Faroese</lang>
                    <orth>haltur</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>haltur</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian</lang>
                    <orth>halt</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>haltr</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Swedish</lang>
                    <orth>halter</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Swedish</lang>
                      <orth>halt</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Gothic</lang>
                  <orth>𐌷𐌰𐌻𐍄𐍃 (halts)</orth>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-Finnic</lang>
                  <orth>*haltta</orth>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
  </text>
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