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  <teiHeader>
    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *halþaz</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-02"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_halþaz</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_halthaz" type="adj" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/halþaz">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>halþaz</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈxɑl.θɑz</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᚺᚨᛚᚦᚨᛉ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>adj</pos>
            <gram type="stem">a-stem</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>sloping, inclined</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">Past participle of an unattested verb *halaną (‘to slope; be inclined’). From Proto-Indo-European *kelH-, *ḱel- (‘to tend, lean, incline, bend, tip’). Formation like *balþaz.</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #masc #strong">
              <orth>halþaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #fem #strong">
              <orth>halþō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #neut #strong">
              <orth>halþą, -at, -atō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #masc #strong">
              <orth>halþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #fem #strong">
              <orth>halþôz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #neut #strong">
              <orth>halþō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #masc #strong">
              <orth>halþanǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #fem #strong">
              <orth>halþǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #neut #strong">
              <orth>halþą, -at, -atō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #masc #strong">
              <orth>halþanz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #fem #strong">
              <orth>halþōz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #neut #strong">
              <orth>halþō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #masc #strong">
              <orth>halþas, halþis</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #fem #strong">
              <orth>halþaizōz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #neut #strong">
              <orth>halþas, halþis</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #masc #strong">
              <orth>halþaizǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #fem #strong">
              <orth>halþaizǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #neut #strong">
              <orth>halþaizǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #masc #strong">
              <orth>halþammai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #fem #strong">
              <orth>halþaizōi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #neut #strong">
              <orth>halþammai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #masc #strong">
              <orth>halþaimaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #fem #strong">
              <orth>halþaimaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #neut #strong">
              <orth>halþaimaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #masc #strong">
              <orth>halþanō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #fem #strong">
              <orth>halþaizō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #neut #strong">
              <orth>halþanō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #masc #strong">
              <orth>halþaimiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #fem #strong">
              <orth>halþaimiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #neut #strong">
              <orth>halþaimiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #masc #weak">
              <orth>halþô</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #fem #weak">
              <orth>halþǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #neut #weak">
              <orth>halþô</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #masc #weak">
              <orth>halþaniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #fem #weak">
              <orth>halþōniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #neut #weak">
              <orth>halþōnō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #masc #weak">
              <orth>halþanų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #fem #weak">
              <orth>halþōnų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #neut #weak">
              <orth>halþô</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #masc #weak">
              <orth>halþanunz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #fem #weak">
              <orth>halþōnunz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #neut #weak">
              <orth>halþōnō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #masc #weak">
              <orth>halþiniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #fem #weak">
              <orth>halþōniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #neut #weak">
              <orth>halþiniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #masc #weak">
              <orth>halþanǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #fem #weak">
              <orth>halþōnǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #neut #weak">
              <orth>halþanǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #masc #weak">
              <orth>halþini</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #fem #weak">
              <orth>halþōni</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #neut #weak">
              <orth>halþini</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #masc #weak">
              <orth>halþammaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #fem #weak">
              <orth>halþōmaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #neut #weak">
              <orth>halþammaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #masc #weak">
              <orth>halþinē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #fem #weak">
              <orth>halþōnē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #neut #weak">
              <orth>halþinē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #masc #weak">
              <orth>halþammiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #fem #weak">
              <orth>halþōmiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #neut #weak">
              <orth>halþammiz</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*halþ</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>heald</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Frisian</lang>
                    <orth>hald</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>hald</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>hallr</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Faroese</lang>
                    <orth>hallur</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>hallur</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Gothic</lang>
                  <orth>*𐌷𐌰𐌻𐌸𐍃 (*halþs)</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Gothic</lang>
                    <orth>𐍅𐌹𐌻𐌾𐌰𐌷𐌰𐌻𐌸𐌴𐌹 (wiljahalþei)</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-Finnic</lang>
                  <orth>*kaldas</orth>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
  </text>
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