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    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *handulōną</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-02"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_handulōną</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_handulona" type="verb" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/handulōną">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>handulōną</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈxɑn.du.lɔː.nɑ̃</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᚺᚨᚾᛞᚢᛚᛟᚾᚨ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>verb</pos>
            <gram type="class">Weak class 2</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>to take or hold in the hand, seize, grip</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">From *handuz (‘hand’) + *-lōną (frequentive suffix).</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>handlō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>handlǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #sg">
              <orth>handlōi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>handlōsi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>handlōs</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>handlō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>handlōsai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>handlōsau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>handlōþi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>handlō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>handlōþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>handlōþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>handlōþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>handlōs</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>handlōw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>handlōþiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>handlōþiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>handlōþiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>handlōmaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>handlōm</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>handlōnþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>handlōnþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>handlōþ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>handlōþ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>handlōþ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>handlōnþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>handlōnþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>handlōnþi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>handlōn</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>handlōnþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>handlōnþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>handlōnþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #sg">
              <orth>handlōdǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #sg">
              <orth>handlōdēdį̄</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #sg">
              <orth>handlōdēz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #sg">
              <orth>handlōdēdīz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #sg">
              <orth>handlōdē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #sg">
              <orth>handlōdēdī</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #du">
              <orth>handlōdēdū</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #du">
              <orth>handlōdēdīw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #du">
              <orth>handlōdēdudiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #du">
              <orth>handlōdēdīdiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #pl">
              <orth>handlōdēdum</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #pl">
              <orth>handlōdēdīm</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #pl">
              <orth>handlōdēdud</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #pl">
              <orth>handlōdēdīd</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #pl">
              <orth>handlōdēdun</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #pl">
              <orth>handlōdēdīn</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="present">
              <orth>handlōndz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="past">
              <orth>handlōdaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="infinitive">
              <orth>handulōną</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*handulōn</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>*handalon</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>handelen</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Limburgish</lang>
                        <orth>hanjele</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*handulōn</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>*handalon</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>handelen</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Dutch</lang>
                        <orth>handelen</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Afrikaans</lang>
                          <orth>handel</orth>
                        </form>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Caribbean Javanese</lang>
                          <orth>andel</orth>
                        </form>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Negerhollands</lang>
                          <orth>handel</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*handulōn</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>handlian</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>handlen</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Scots</lang>
                        <orth>handil</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*handulōn</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>handlian</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>handlen</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>English</lang>
                        <orth>handle</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Dutch</lang>
                          <orth>handelen</orth>
                        </form>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>German</lang>
                          <orth>händeln, handeln</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*handulōn</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Frisian</lang>
                    <orth>handelia, hondelia</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Saterland Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>hondelje</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>West Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>handelje, hannelje</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*handulōn</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>hantalōn</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>handeln</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Yiddish</lang>
                        <orth>האַנדלען (handlen)</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*handulōn</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>hantalōn</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>handeln</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German</lang>
                        <orth>handeln</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Luxembourgish</lang>
                          <orth>handelen</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*handulōn</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>handlōn</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>handelen</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German Low German</lang>
                        <orth>handeln, hanneln</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Plautdietsch</lang>
                        <orth>hendlen</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>handla</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Danish</lang>
                    <orth>handle</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Faroese</lang>
                    <orth>handla</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>höndla</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norn</lang>
                    <orth>hanjdla</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian</lang>
                    <orth>handle</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>handla</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Swedish</lang>
                    <orth>handla</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Swedish</lang>
                      <orth>handla</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>hǫndla</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Danish</lang>
                    <orth>handle</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Faroese</lang>
                    <orth>handla</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>höndla</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norn</lang>
                    <orth>hanjdla</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian</lang>
                    <orth>handle</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>hǫndla</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Swedish</lang>
                    <orth>handla</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Swedish</lang>
                      <orth>handla</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
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