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  <teiHeader>
    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *hangāną</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-01"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_hangāną</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_hangana" type="verb" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hangāną">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>hangāną</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈxɑŋ.ɡɑː.nɑ̃</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᚺᚨᚾᚷᚨᚾᚨ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>verb</pos>
            <gram type="class">Weak class 3</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>to hang, to be suspended</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">From *hanhaną (‘to hang’) + *-āną.</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>hangō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>hangaisi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>hangai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>hangāsai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>hangaiþi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>hangāþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>hangāþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>hangōs</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>hangāþiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>hangāþiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>hangāmaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>hangānþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>hangaiþ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>hangaiþ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>hangānþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>hangānþi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>hangānþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>hangānþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #sg">
              <orth>hangadǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #sg">
              <orth>hangadēdį̄</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #sg">
              <orth>hangadēz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #sg">
              <orth>hangadēdīz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #sg">
              <orth>hangadē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #sg">
              <orth>hangadēdī</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #du">
              <orth>hangadēdū</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #du">
              <orth>hangadēdīw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #du">
              <orth>hangadēdudiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #du">
              <orth>hangadēdīdiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #pl">
              <orth>hangadēdum</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #pl">
              <orth>hangadēdīm</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #pl">
              <orth>hangadēdud</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #pl">
              <orth>hangadēdīd</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #pl">
              <orth>hangadēdun</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #pl">
              <orth>hangadēdīn</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="present">
              <orth>hangāndz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="past">
              <orth>hangadaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="infinitive">
              <orth>hangāną</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*hangēn</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>*hangon</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>hangen</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Limburgish</lang>
                        <orth>hange</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*hangēn</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>*hangon</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>hangen</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Dutch</lang>
                        <orth>hangen</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Afrikaans</lang>
                          <orth>hang</orth>
                        </form>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Berbice Creole Dutch</lang>
                          <orth>hanggi</orth>
                        </form>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Negerhollands</lang>
                          <orth>hang, haṅ</orth>
                        </form>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Sranan Tongo</lang>
                          <orth>anga</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*hangēn</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>hangian, hongian</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Welsh</lang>
                      <orth>hongian</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*hangēn</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>hangian, hongian</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>hangen</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>English</lang>
                        <orth>hang</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Scots</lang>
                        <orth>hangit</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*hangēn</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Frisian</lang>
                    <orth>hangia, hongia</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Saterland Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>hongje</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>West Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>hingje</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*hangēn</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>hangēn</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>hangen</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Cimbrian</lang>
                        <orth>hangan</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German</lang>
                        <orth>hängen</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Switzerland German</lang>
                        <orth>hangen</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*hangēn</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>hangon</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>hangen</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Low German</lang>
                        <orth>hangen</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>hanga</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Faroese</lang>
                    <orth>hanga</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>hanga</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian Bokmål</lang>
                    <orth>henge</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian Nynorsk</lang>
                    <orth>hanga, henga</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Swedish</lang>
                    <orth>hänga</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>hanga</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Danish</lang>
                    <orth>hængæ</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Danish</lang>
                      <orth>hænge</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Gothic</lang>
                  <orth>𐌷𐌰𐌷𐌰𐌽 (hāhān)</orth>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
  </text>
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