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  <teiHeader>
    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *hanhaną</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-01"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_hanhaną</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <list type="cognates">
        <item xml:id="cog_ine-x-proto_kenk" xml:lang="ine-x-proto" type="etymon">
          <orth>*ḱenk-</orth>
          <def>to hang</def>
        </item>
      </list>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_hanhana" type="verb" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hanhaną">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>hanhaną</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈxɑ̃ː.xɑ.nɑ̃</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᚺᚨᚾᚺᚨᚾᚨ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>verb</pos>
            <gram type="class">Strong class 7c</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>to hang</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">From Proto-Indo-European <mentioned xml:lang="ine-x-proto" target="#cog_ine-x-proto_kenk"><ref target="#cog_ine-x-proto_kenk">*ḱenk-</ref></mentioned> (‘to hang’).</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>hanhō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>hanhaų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #sg">
              <orth>hanhai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>hanhizi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>hanhaiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>hanh</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>hanhazai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>hanhaizau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>hanhidi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>hanhai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>hanhadau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>hanhadai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>hanhaidau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>hanhōz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>hanhaiw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>hanhadiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>hanhaidiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>hanhadiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>hanhamaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>hanhaim</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>hanhandai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>hanhaindau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>hanhid</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>hanhaid</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>hanhid</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>hanhandai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>hanhaindau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>hanhandi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>hanhain</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>hanhandau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>hanhandai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>hanhaindau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #sg">
              <orth>hehanh</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #sg">
              <orth>hehangį̄</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #sg">
              <orth>hehanht</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #sg">
              <orth>hehangīz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #sg">
              <orth>hehanh</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #sg">
              <orth>hehangī</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #du">
              <orth>hehangū</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #du">
              <orth>hehangīw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #du">
              <orth>hehangudiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #du">
              <orth>hehangīdiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #pl">
              <orth>hehangum</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #pl">
              <orth>hehangīm</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #pl">
              <orth>hehangud</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #pl">
              <orth>hehangīd</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #pl">
              <orth>hehangun</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #pl">
              <orth>hehangīn</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="present">
              <orth>hanhandz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="past">
              <orth>hanganaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="infinitive">
              <orth>hanhaną</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*hą̄han</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>*hān</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>hâen, hangen</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Limburgish</lang>
                        <orth>hange</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*hą̄han</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>*hān</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>hâen, hangen</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Dutch</lang>
                        <orth>hangen</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Afrikaans</lang>
                          <orth>hang</orth>
                        </form>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Berbice Creole Dutch</lang>
                          <orth>hanggi</orth>
                        </form>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Negerhollands</lang>
                          <orth>hang, haṅ</orth>
                        </form>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Sranan Tongo</lang>
                          <orth>anga</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*hą̄han</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>hōn</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>hōn, hangen, hongen</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>English</lang>
                        <orth>hang</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Scots</lang>
                        <orth>hang</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*hą̄han</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Frisian</lang>
                    <orth>huā, hwā</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Saterland Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>hongje</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>West Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>hingje</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*hą̄han</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>hāhan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>hāhen</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German</lang>
                        <orth>hängen</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*hą̄han</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>hāhan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>hân, hangen</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Low German</lang>
                        <orth>hangen</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>hanga</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Faroese</lang>
                    <orth>hanga</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>hanga</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian Bokmål</lang>
                    <orth>henge</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian Nynorsk</lang>
                    <orth>hanga, henga</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Swedish</lang>
                    <orth>hänga</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>hanga</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Danish</lang>
                    <orth>hængæ</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Danish</lang>
                      <orth>hænge</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Gothic</lang>
                  <orth>𐌷𐌰𐌷𐌰𐌽 (hāhan)</orth>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
  </text>
</TEI>
