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    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *harmāną</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-01"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_harmāną</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_harmana" type="verb" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/harmāną">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>harmāną</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈxɑr.mɑː.nɑ̃</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᚺᚨᚱᛗᚨᚾᚨ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>verb</pos>
            <gram type="class">Weak class 3</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>to harm, injure, pain</def>
          </sense>
          <sense n="2">
            <def>to shame</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">From *harmaz (‘harm, pain’) + *-āną or *harmaz (‘painful, harmful’) + *-āną.</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>harmō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>harmaisi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>harmai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>harmāsai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>harmaiþi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>harmāþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>harmāþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>harmōs</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>harmāþiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>harmāþiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>harmāmaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>harmānþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>harmaiþ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>harmaiþ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>harmānþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>harmānþi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>harmānþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>harmānþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #sg">
              <orth>harmadǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #sg">
              <orth>harmadēdį̄</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #sg">
              <orth>harmadēz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #sg">
              <orth>harmadēdīz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #sg">
              <orth>harmadē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #sg">
              <orth>harmadēdī</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #du">
              <orth>harmadēdū</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #du">
              <orth>harmadēdīw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #du">
              <orth>harmadēdudiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #du">
              <orth>harmadēdīdiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #pl">
              <orth>harmadēdum</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #pl">
              <orth>harmadēdīm</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #pl">
              <orth>harmadēdud</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #pl">
              <orth>harmadēdīd</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #pl">
              <orth>harmadēdun</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #pl">
              <orth>harmadēdīn</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="present">
              <orth>harmāndz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="past">
              <orth>harmadaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="infinitive">
              <orth>harmāną</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*harmēn</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old French</lang>
                    <orth>hargnier</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*harmēn</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>hearmian</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>harmen</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>English</lang>
                        <orth>harm</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Scots</lang>
                        <orth>hairm</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*harmēn</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>harmēn</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>harmen</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
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