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  <teiHeader>
    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *harnaz</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-01"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_harnaz</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <list type="cognates">
        <item xml:id="cog_ine-x-proto_ker_mn_os" xml:lang="ine-x-proto" type="etymon">
          <orth>*ḱer-mn-os</orth>
          <def>caustic liquid, alkali, urine</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_lit_sarmas" xml:lang="lit" type="cognate">
          <orth>šarmas</orth>
          <def>lye, alkali, leach</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_ine-x-proto_s_ker_x2" xml:lang="ine-x-proto" type="etymon">
          <orth>*(s)ḱer-</orth>
        </item>
      </list>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_harnaz" type="noun" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/harnaz">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>harnaz</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈxɑr.nɑz</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᚺᚨᚱᚾᚨᛉ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>noun</pos>
            <gram type="gender">masculine</gram>
            <gram type="stem">a-stem</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>urine</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">From Proto-Indo-European <mentioned xml:lang="ine-x-proto" target="#cog_ine-x-proto_ker_mn_os"><ref target="#cog_ine-x-proto_ker_mn_os">*ḱer-mn-os</ref></mentioned> (‘caustic liquid, alkali, urine’), from Proto-Indo-European <mentioned xml:lang="ine-x-proto" target="#cog_ine-x-proto_s_ker_x2"><ref target="#cog_ine-x-proto_s_ker_x2">*(s)ḱer-</ref></mentioned> (‘manure, dung, filth’). Cognate with Lithuanian <mentioned xml:lang="lit" target="#cog_lit_sarmas"><ref target="#cog_lit_sarmas">šarmas</ref></mentioned> (‘lye, alkali, leach’).</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom">
              <orth>harnaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom">
              <orth>harnōz, harnōs</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc">
              <orth>harną</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc">
              <orth>harnanz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen">
              <orth>harnas, harnis</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen">
              <orth>harnǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat">
              <orth>harnai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat">
              <orth>harnamaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr">
              <orth>harnō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr">
              <orth>harnamiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #voc">
              <orth>harn</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #voc">
              <orth>harnōz, harnōs</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*harn</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>harn, haran</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>harn, harm</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German</lang>
                        <orth>Harn</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
  </text>
</TEI>
