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  <teiHeader>
    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *haswaz</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-01"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_haswaz</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <list type="cognates">
        <item xml:id="cog_ine-x-proto_keh2s" xml:lang="ine-x-proto" type="etymon">
          <orth>*ḱeh₂s-</orth>
          <def>hare</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_lat_caesius" xml:lang="lat" type="cognate">
          <orth>caesius</orth>
          <def>blue-grey</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_lat_canus" xml:lang="lat" type="cognate">
          <orth>cānus</orth>
          <def>grey, silvery, hoary</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_lat_cascus" xml:lang="lat" type="cognate">
          <orth>cascus</orth>
          <def>old</def>
        </item>
      </list>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_haswaz" type="adj" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/haswaz">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>haswaz</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈxɑs.wɑz</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᚺᚨᛊᚹᚨᛉ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>adj</pos>
            <gram type="stem">a-stem</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>grey</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">From Proto-Indo-European <mentioned xml:lang="ine-x-proto" target="#cog_ine-x-proto_keh2s"><ref target="#cog_ine-x-proto_keh2s">*ḱeh₂s-</ref></mentioned> (‘bright grey’). Cognate with Latin <mentioned xml:lang="lat" target="#cog_lat_caesius"><ref target="#cog_lat_caesius">caesius</ref></mentioned> (‘blue-grey’), Latin <mentioned xml:lang="lat" target="#cog_lat_canus"><ref target="#cog_lat_canus">cānus</ref></mentioned> (‘grey, silvery, hoary’), Latin <mentioned xml:lang="lat" target="#cog_lat_cascus"><ref target="#cog_lat_cascus">cascus</ref></mentioned> (‘old, ancient’).</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #masc #strong">
              <orth>haswaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #fem #strong">
              <orth>haswō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #neut #strong">
              <orth>haswą, -atō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #masc #strong">
              <orth>haswai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #fem #strong">
              <orth>haswôz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #neut #strong">
              <orth>haswō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #masc #strong">
              <orth>haswanǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #fem #strong">
              <orth>haswǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #neut #strong">
              <orth>haswą, -atō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #masc #strong">
              <orth>haswanz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #fem #strong">
              <orth>haswōz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #neut #strong">
              <orth>haswō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #masc #strong">
              <orth>haswas, -is</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #fem #strong">
              <orth>haswaizōz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #neut #strong">
              <orth>haswas, -is</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #masc #strong">
              <orth>haswaizǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #fem #strong">
              <orth>haswaizǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #neut #strong">
              <orth>haswaizǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #masc #strong">
              <orth>haswammai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #fem #strong">
              <orth>haswaizōi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #neut #strong">
              <orth>haswammai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #masc #strong">
              <orth>haswaimaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #fem #strong">
              <orth>haswaimaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #neut #strong">
              <orth>haswaimaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #masc #strong">
              <orth>haswanō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #fem #strong">
              <orth>haswaizō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #neut #strong">
              <orth>haswanō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #masc #strong">
              <orth>haswaimiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #fem #strong">
              <orth>haswaimiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #neut #strong">
              <orth>haswaimiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #masc #weak">
              <orth>haswô</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #fem #weak">
              <orth>haswǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #neut #weak">
              <orth>haswô</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #masc #weak">
              <orth>haswaniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #fem #weak">
              <orth>haswōniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #neut #weak">
              <orth>haswōnō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #masc #weak">
              <orth>haswanų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #fem #weak">
              <orth>haswōnų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #neut #weak">
              <orth>haswô</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #masc #weak">
              <orth>haswanunz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #fem #weak">
              <orth>haswōnunz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #neut #weak">
              <orth>haswōnō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #masc #weak">
              <orth>haswiniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #fem #weak">
              <orth>haswōniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #neut #weak">
              <orth>haswiniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #masc #weak">
              <orth>haswanǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #fem #weak">
              <orth>haswōnǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #neut #weak">
              <orth>haswanǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #masc #weak">
              <orth>haswini</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #fem #weak">
              <orth>haswōni</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #neut #weak">
              <orth>haswini</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #masc #weak">
              <orth>haswammaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #fem #weak">
              <orth>haswōmaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #neut #weak">
              <orth>haswammaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #masc #weak">
              <orth>haswinē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #fem #weak">
              <orth>haswōnē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #neut #weak">
              <orth>haswinē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #masc #weak">
              <orth>haswammiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #fem #weak">
              <orth>haswōmiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #neut #weak">
              <orth>haswammiz</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*hasu</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>*haso</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*hasu</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>hasu, heasu</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>haswed</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*hasu</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old French</lang>
                    <orth>*hasve, have</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle French</lang>
                      <orth>have</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>French</lang>
                        <orth>hâve</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*hasu</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>*haswi</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>heswe</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*hasu</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>hasu</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>hāse</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*haswī</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>*haso</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*haswī</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>hasu, heasu</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>haswed</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*haswī</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old French</lang>
                    <orth>*hasve, have</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle French</lang>
                      <orth>have</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>French</lang>
                        <orth>hâve</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*haswī</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>*haswi</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>heswe</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*haswī</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>hasu</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>hāse</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>hǫss</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>höss</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
  </text>
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