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  <teiHeader>
    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *hatāną</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-02"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_hatāną</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_hatana" type="verb" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hatāną">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>hatāną</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈxɑ.tɑː.nɑ̃</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᚺᚨᛏᚨᚾᚨ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>verb</pos>
            <gram type="class">Weak class 3</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>to hate</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">From *hataz (‘hate’) + *-āną.</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>hatō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>hataisi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>hatai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>hatāsai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>hataiþi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>hatāþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>hatāþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>hatōs</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>hatāþiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>hatāþiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>hatāmaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>hatānþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>hataiþ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>hataiþ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>hatānþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>hatānþi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>hatānþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>hatānþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #sg">
              <orth>hatadǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #sg">
              <orth>hatadēdį̄</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #sg">
              <orth>hatadēz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #sg">
              <orth>hatadēdīz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #sg">
              <orth>hatadē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #sg">
              <orth>hatadēdī</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #du">
              <orth>hatadēdū</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #du">
              <orth>hatadēdīw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #du">
              <orth>hatadēdudiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #du">
              <orth>hatadēdīdiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #pl">
              <orth>hatadēdum</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #pl">
              <orth>hatadēdīm</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #pl">
              <orth>hatadēdud</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #pl">
              <orth>hatadēdīd</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #pl">
              <orth>hatadēdun</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #pl">
              <orth>hatadēdīn</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="present">
              <orth>hatāndz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="past">
              <orth>hatadaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="infinitive">
              <orth>hatāną</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*hatēn</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>haton</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>hāten</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Limburgish</lang>
                        <orth>hate</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*hatēn</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>haton</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>hāten</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Dutch</lang>
                        <orth>haten</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Afrikaans</lang>
                          <orth>haat</orth>
                        </form>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Negerhollands</lang>
                          <orth>hat</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*hatēn</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>hatian</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>hatien, haten</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>English</lang>
                        <orth>hate</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Scots</lang>
                        <orth>hate</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*hatēn</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Frisian</lang>
                    <orth>hatia</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Saterland Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>haatje, hoatje, hasje</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>West Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>haetjen, haatsje</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*hatēn</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>hazzōn, hazzēn</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>hazzen</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Cimbrian</lang>
                        <orth>haazan</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Luxembourgish</lang>
                        <orth>haassen</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Yiddish</lang>
                        <orth>האַסן (hasn)</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*hatēn</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>hazzōn, hazzēn</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>hazzen</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German</lang>
                        <orth>hassen</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Plautdietsch</lang>
                          <orth>hassen, haussen</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*hatēn</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>hatōn</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>hāten</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German Low German</lang>
                        <orth>haten</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>hata</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Faroese</lang>
                    <orth>hata</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Gutnish</lang>
                    <orth>hate, hat', hata</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>hata</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norn</lang>
                    <orth>hada</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian Bokmål</lang>
                    <orth>hate</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian Nynorsk</lang>
                    <orth>hate</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>hata</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Swedish</lang>
                    <orth>hata</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Swedish</lang>
                      <orth>hata</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Gothic</lang>
                  <orth>𐌷𐌰𐍄𐌰𐌽 (hatān)</orth>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
  </text>
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