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    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *haunijaną</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-02"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_haunijaną</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_haunijana" type="verb" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/haunijaną">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>haunijaną</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈxɑu̯.ni.jɑ.nɑ̃</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᚺᚨᚢᚾᛁᛃᚨᚾᚨ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>verb</pos>
            <gram type="class">Weak class 1</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>to humiliate, to dishonour</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">From *hauniz (‘despised, poor, miserable’) + *-janą.</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>haunijō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>haunijaų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #sg">
              <orth>haunijai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>haunīsi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>haunijais</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>haunī</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>haunijasai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>haunijaisau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>haunīþi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>haunijai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>haunijaþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>haunijaþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>haunijaiþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>haunijōs</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>haunijaiw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>haunijaþiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>haunijaiþiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>haunijaþiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>haunijamaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>haunijaim</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>haunijanþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>haunijainþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>haunīþ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>haunijaiþ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>haunīþ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>haunijanþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>haunijainþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>haunijanþi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>haunijain</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>haunijanþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>haunijanþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>haunijainþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #sg">
              <orth>haunidǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #sg">
              <orth>haunidēdį̄</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #sg">
              <orth>haunidēz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #sg">
              <orth>haunidēdīz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #sg">
              <orth>haunidē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #sg">
              <orth>haunidēdī</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #du">
              <orth>haunidēdū</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #du">
              <orth>haunidēdīw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #du">
              <orth>haunidēdudiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #du">
              <orth>haunidēdīdiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #pl">
              <orth>haunidēdum</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #pl">
              <orth>haunidēdīm</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #pl">
              <orth>haunidēdud</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #pl">
              <orth>haunidēdīd</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #pl">
              <orth>haunidēdun</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #pl">
              <orth>haunidēdīn</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="present">
              <orth>haunijandz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="past">
              <orth>haunidaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="infinitive">
              <orth>haunijaną</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*haunijan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Vulgar Latin</lang>
                    <orth>*haunīre</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*haunijan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>*hōnen</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>hônen</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Dutch</lang>
                        <orth>honen</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Afrikaans</lang>
                          <orth>hoon</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*haunijan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>hīenan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>henen</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>English</lang>
                        <orth>hean</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*haunijan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Frisian</lang>
                    <orth>hēna</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>West Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>huynjen</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*haunijan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>*hōnen</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>hōnen</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German</lang>
                        <orth>höhnen</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*haunijan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>hōnian</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>hônen, hönen</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German Low German</lang>
                        <orth>höhnen</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Norwegian</lang>
                  <orth>?</orth>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Norwegian</lang>
                  <orth>håna</orth>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Norwegian</lang>
                  <orth>håne</orth>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Gothic</lang>
                  <orth>𐌷𐌰𐌿𐌽𐌾𐌰𐌽 (haunjan)</orth>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
  </text>
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