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    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *herdō</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-01"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_herdō</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <list type="cognates">
        <item xml:id="cog_ine-x-proto_kerdh" xml:lang="ine-x-proto" type="etymon">
          <orth>*ḱerdʰ-</orth>
          <def>file, row, herd</def>
        </item>
      </list>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_herdo" type="noun" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/herdō">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>herdō</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈxer.ðɔː</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᚺᛖᚱᛞᛟ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>noun</pos>
            <gram type="gender">feminine</gram>
            <gram type="stem">ō-stem</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>herd</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">From Proto-Indo-European <mentioned xml:lang="ine-x-proto" target="#cog_ine-x-proto_kerdh"><ref target="#cog_ine-x-proto_kerdh">*ḱerdʰ-</ref></mentioned> (‘file, row, herd’). Cognate with Russian череда́ (čeredá, ‘train, sequence’).</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom">
              <orth>herdō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom">
              <orth>herdôz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc">
              <orth>herdǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc">
              <orth>herdōz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen">
              <orth>herdōz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen">
              <orth>herdǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat">
              <orth>herdōi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat">
              <orth>herdōmaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr">
              <orth>herdō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr">
              <orth>herdōmiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #voc">
              <orth>herdō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #voc">
              <orth>herdôz</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*herdu</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>*herda</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>herde, harde, hāerde, hēerde, hirde</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*herdu</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>heord, hierd</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>heorde, herde, heerde</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>English</lang>
                        <orth>herd</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Scots</lang>
                        <orth>hird, herd</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*herdu</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old French</lang>
                    <orth>herde</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle French</lang>
                      <orth>harde</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>French</lang>
                        <orth>harde</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*herdu</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Frisian</lang>
                    <orth>*herde, herdere</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>West Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>harder, hoeder</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*herdu</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>herta</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>hërt</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German</lang>
                        <orth>Herde</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Luxembourgish</lang>
                        <orth>Häerd</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*herdu</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>herda</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>hērde, hirde</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German Low German</lang>
                        <orth>Heerde</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>hjǫrð</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Danish</lang>
                    <orth>hjord</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Faroese</lang>
                    <orth>hjørð</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>hjörð</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian</lang>
                    <orth>hjord</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>hjǫrð</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Swedish</lang>
                    <orth>hiorþ</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Swedish</lang>
                      <orth>hjord</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Gothic</lang>
                  <orth>𐌷𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌳𐌰 (hairda)</orth>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
  </text>
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