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    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *herzô</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-01"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_herzô</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <list type="cognates">
        <item xml:id="cog_cel-x-proto_kerdeti" xml:lang="cel-x-proto" type="cognate">
          <orth>*kerdeti</orth>
          <def>to put, move</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_grc_kradao" xml:lang="grc" type="cognate">
          <orth>κραδάω</orth>
          <form type="translit">
            <orth>kradáō</orth>
          </form>
          <def>to swing, shake</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_lat_cardo" xml:lang="lat" type="cognate">
          <orth>cardō</orth>
          <def>hinge</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_lat_cratis" xml:lang="lat" type="cognate">
          <orth>crātis</orth>
          <def>wickerwork</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_lit_karti" xml:lang="lit" type="cognate">
          <orth>kárti</orth>
          <def>to hang</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_lit_skersas" xml:lang="lit" type="cognate">
          <orth>sker̃sas</orth>
          <def>across</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_san_kurd" xml:lang="san" type="cognate">
          <orth>कूर्द्</orth>
          <form type="translit">
            <orth>kūrd</orth>
          </form>
          <def>to leap, jump, play</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_sla-x-proto_cerz" xml:lang="sla-x-proto" type="cognate">
          <orth>*čerzъ</orth>
          <def>through, across</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_ine-x-proto_s_kerd" xml:lang="ine-x-proto" type="etymon">
          <orth>*(s)kerd-</orth>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_ine-x-proto_s_kert_so" xml:lang="ine-x-proto" type="etymon">
          <orth>*(s)kert-so</orth>
        </item>
      </list>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_herzo" type="noun" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/herzô">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>herzô</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈxer.zɔːː</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᚺᛖᚱᛉᛟ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>noun</pos>
            <gram type="gender">masculine</gram>
            <gram type="stem">an-stem</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>pivot</def>
          </sense>
          <sense n="2">
            <def>bar; pole</def>
          </sense>
          <sense n="3">
            <def>hinge, doorhinge</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">Of uncertain origin.</seg>
            <seg type="p">Traditionally derived from Proto-Indo-European <mentioned xml:lang="ine-x-proto" target="#cog_ine-x-proto_s_kerd"><ref target="#cog_ine-x-proto_s_kerd">*(s)kerd-</ref></mentioned> (‘to move, sway, swing, jump’); in this case, cognate with Old High German scerdo (‘hinge’), Latin <mentioned xml:lang="lat" target="#cog_lat_cardo"><ref target="#cog_lat_cardo">cardō</ref></mentioned> (‘hinge’), Proto-Celtic <mentioned xml:lang="cel-x-proto" target="#cog_cel-x-proto_kerdeti"><ref target="#cog_cel-x-proto_kerdeti">*kerdeti</ref></mentioned> (‘to put, move’), Ancient Greek <mentioned xml:lang="grc" target="#cog_grc_kradao"><ref target="#cog_grc_kradao">κραδάω</ref></mentioned> (kradáō, ‘to swing, shake’), and perhaps Sanskrit <mentioned xml:lang="san" target="#cog_san_kurd"><ref target="#cog_san_kurd">कूर्द्</ref></mentioned> (kūrd, ‘to leap, jump, play’) and German scherzen (‘to joke, jest, frolic’).</seg>
            <seg type="p">Orel instead derives the root from Proto-Indo-European <mentioned xml:lang="ine-x-proto" target="#cog_ine-x-proto_s_kert_so"><ref target="#cog_ine-x-proto_s_kert_so">*(s)kert-so</ref></mentioned> and compares Lithuanian <mentioned xml:lang="lit" target="#cog_lit_skersas"><ref target="#cog_lit_skersas">sker̃sas</ref></mentioned> (‘across’), Proto-Slavic <mentioned xml:lang="sla-x-proto" target="#cog_sla-x-proto_cerz"><ref target="#cog_sla-x-proto_cerz">*čerzъ</ref></mentioned> (‘through, across’), and Latin cardō.</seg>
            <seg type="p">Kroonen prefers to derive the root from a Proto-Indo-European *kérH-on-, and compares Lithuanian <mentioned xml:lang="lit" target="#cog_lit_karti"><ref target="#cog_lit_karti">kárti</ref></mentioned> (‘to hang’), Proto-Germanic *hurdiz (‘wickerwork door, frame’), Latin <mentioned xml:lang="lat" target="#cog_lat_cratis"><ref target="#cog_lat_cratis">crātis</ref></mentioned> (‘wickerwork’).</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom">
              <orth>herzô</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom">
              <orth>herzaniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc">
              <orth>herzanų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc">
              <orth>herzanunz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen">
              <orth>hirziniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen">
              <orth>herzanǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat">
              <orth>hirzini</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat">
              <orth>herzammaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr">
              <orth>hirzinē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr">
              <orth>herzammiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #voc">
              <orth>herzô</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #voc">
              <orth>herzaniz</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*herʀō</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>harra, *herro</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>herre, harre</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Dutch</lang>
                        <orth>har</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*herʀō</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>heorra</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>herre, har, harre, her, horre, heorre</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>English</lang>
                        <orth>har, harr, harre</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Scots</lang>
                        <orth>harr, herre, har</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Yola</lang>
                        <orth>harr, har</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*her(r)ō</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>harra, *herro</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>herre, harre</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Dutch</lang>
                        <orth>har</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*her(r)ō</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>heorra</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>herre, har, harre, her, horre, heorre</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>English</lang>
                        <orth>har, harr, harre</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Scots</lang>
                        <orth>harr, herre, har</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Yola</lang>
                        <orth>harr, har</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>hjarri</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Faroese</lang>
                    <orth>hjørri, hjørra</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>hjarri, hjari, hjara, hjör</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>hjari</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Faroese</lang>
                    <orth>hjørri, hjørra</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>hjarri, hjari, hjara, hjör</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>hjara</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Faroese</lang>
                    <orth>hjørri, hjørra</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>hjarri, hjari, hjara, hjör</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
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