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      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *herþrą</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-02"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_herþrą</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <list type="cognates">
        <item xml:id="cog_lit_kartoklys" xml:lang="lit" type="cognate">
          <orth>kartóklys</orth>
          <def>omasum</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_ine-x-proto_s_ker_t" xml:lang="ine-x-proto" type="etymon">
          <orth>*(s)ker(t)-</orth>
        </item>
      </list>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_herthra" type="noun" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/herþrą">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>herþrą</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈxer.θrɑ̃</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᚺᛖᚱᚦᚱᚨ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>noun</pos>
            <gram type="gender">neuter</gram>
            <gram type="stem">a-stem</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>innards; guts; internal organs</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">Uncertain. Perhaps from either Proto-Indo-European <mentioned xml:lang="ine-x-proto" target="#cog_ine-x-proto_s_ker_t"><ref target="#cog_ine-x-proto_s_ker_t">*(s)ker(t)-</ref></mentioned> (‘to cut, divide’) (to which Orel compares Proto-West Germanic *herþ (‘hearth’)) or *ḱerd- (‘heart’), with the suffix *-þrą. Compare Lithuanian <mentioned xml:lang="lit" target="#cog_lit_kartoklys"><ref target="#cog_lit_kartoklys">kartóklys</ref></mentioned> (‘omasum’).</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom">
              <orth>herþrą</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom">
              <orth>herþrō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc">
              <orth>herþrą</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc">
              <orth>herþrō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen">
              <orth>herþras, hirþris</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen">
              <orth>herþrǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat">
              <orth>herþrai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat">
              <orth>herþramaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr">
              <orth>herþrō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr">
              <orth>herþramiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #voc">
              <orth>herþrą</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #voc">
              <orth>herþrō</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*herþr</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>hreþer</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*herþr</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>*herdar</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Old High German</lang>
                      <orth>smalaherdar</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>hreðr</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>hreður, hreðjar</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Gothic</lang>
                  <orth>𐌷𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌸𐍂𐌰 (hairþra)</orth>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
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