<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?>
<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xml:lang="en" version="4.12.0">
  <teiHeader>
    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *hinþaną</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-02"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_hinþaną</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <list type="cognates">
        <item xml:id="cog_grc_kenteo" xml:lang="grc" type="cognate">
          <orth>κεντέω</orth>
          <form type="translit">
            <orth>kentéō</orth>
          </form>
          <def>to sting, goad</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_ine-x-proto_kent" xml:lang="ine-x-proto" type="etymon">
          <orth>*ḱent-</orth>
          <def>to stab</def>
        </item>
      </list>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_hinthana" type="verb" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hinþaną">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>hinþaną</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈxin.θɑ.nɑ̃</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᚺᛁᚾᚦᚨᚾᚨ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>verb</pos>
            <gram type="class">Strong class 3</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>to reach for, obtain, catch</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">Possibly from a Proto-Indo-European <mentioned xml:lang="ine-x-proto" target="#cog_ine-x-proto_kent"><ref target="#cog_ine-x-proto_kent">*ḱent-</ref></mentioned> (‘to reach, sting’) (alternatively reconstructed as *kent-). While Kroonen adduces no cognates, Orel compares Ancient Greek <mentioned xml:lang="grc" target="#cog_grc_kenteo"><ref target="#cog_grc_kenteo">κεντέω</ref></mentioned> (kentéō, ‘to sting, goad’), which is supported by Beekes; see the Greek for more cognates.</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>hinþō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>hinþaų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #sg">
              <orth>hinþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>hinþizi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>hinþaiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>hinþ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>hinþazai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>hinþaizau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>hinþidi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>hinþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>hinþadau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>hinþadai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>hinþaidau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>hinþōz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>hinþaiw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>hinþadiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>hinþaidiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>hinþadiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>hinþamaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>hinþaim</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>hinþandai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>hinþaindau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>hinþid</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>hinþaid</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>hinþid</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>hinþandai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>hinþaindau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>hinþandi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>hinþain</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>hinþandau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>hinþandai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>hinþaindau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #sg">
              <orth>hanþ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #sg">
              <orth>hundį̄</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #sg">
              <orth>hanst</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #sg">
              <orth>hundīz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #sg">
              <orth>hanþ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #sg">
              <orth>hundī</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #du">
              <orth>hundū</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #du">
              <orth>hundīw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #du">
              <orth>hundudiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #du">
              <orth>hundīdiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #pl">
              <orth>hundum</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #pl">
              <orth>hundīm</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #pl">
              <orth>hundud</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #pl">
              <orth>hundīd</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #pl">
              <orth>hundun</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #pl">
              <orth>hundīn</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="present">
              <orth>hinþandz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="past">
              <orth>hundanaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="infinitive">
              <orth>hinþaną</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>hinna</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Danish</lang>
                    <orth>hinde</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Elfdalian</lang>
                    <orth>inna</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Gutnish</lang>
                    <orth>hinna</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Scanian</lang>
                    <orth>hinðe</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>hinna</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Swedish</lang>
                    <orth>hinna</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Swedish</lang>
                      <orth>hinna</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Gothic</lang>
                  <orth>*𐌷𐌹𐌽𐌸𐌰𐌽 (*hinþan)</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <orth>unknown: 𐌿𐍃𐌷𐌹𐌽𐌸𐌰𐌽 (ushinþan)</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Gothic</lang>
                  <orth>*𐌷𐌹𐌽𐌸𐌰𐌽 (*hinþan)</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <orth>unknown: 𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌷𐌹𐌽𐌸𐌰𐌽 (frahinþan)</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <orth>unknown: 𐌼𐌹𐌸𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌷𐌹𐌽𐌸𐌰𐌽 (miþfrahinþan)</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
  </text>
</TEI>
