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    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *hlainijaną</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-01"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_hlainijaną</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <list type="cognates">
        <item xml:id="cog_ine-x-proto_kley" xml:lang="ine-x-proto" type="etymon">
          <orth>*ḱley-</orth>
          <def>to lean</def>
        </item>
      </list>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_hlainijana" type="verb" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hlainijaną">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>hlainijaną</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈxlɑi̯.ni.jɑ.nɑ̃</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᚺᛚᚨᛁᚾᛁᛃᚨᚾᚨ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>verb</pos>
            <gram type="class">Weak class 1</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>to lean, cause to lean</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">From *hlināną (‘to lean’) + *-janą (causative suffix), the former a stative of an old nasal present from Proto-Indo-European <mentioned xml:lang="ine-x-proto" target="#cog_ine-x-proto_kley"><ref target="#cog_ine-x-proto_kley">*ḱley-</ref></mentioned> (‘to lean’).</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>hlainijō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>hlainijaų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #sg">
              <orth>hlainijai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>hlainīsi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>hlainijais</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>hlainī</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>hlainijasai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>hlainijaisau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>hlainīþi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>hlainijai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>hlainijaþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>hlainijaþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>hlainijaiþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>hlainijōs</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>hlainijaiw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>hlainijaþiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>hlainijaiþiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>hlainijaþiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>hlainijamaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>hlainijaim</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>hlainijanþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>hlainijainþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>hlainīþ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>hlainijaiþ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>hlainīþ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>hlainijanþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>hlainijainþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>hlainijanþi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>hlainijain</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>hlainijanþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>hlainijanþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>hlainijainþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #sg">
              <orth>hlainidǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #sg">
              <orth>hlainidēdį̄</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #sg">
              <orth>hlainidēz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #sg">
              <orth>hlainidēdīz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #sg">
              <orth>hlainidē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #sg">
              <orth>hlainidēdī</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #du">
              <orth>hlainidēdū</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #du">
              <orth>hlainidēdīw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #du">
              <orth>hlainidēdudiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #du">
              <orth>hlainidēdīdiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #pl">
              <orth>hlainidēdum</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #pl">
              <orth>hlainidēdīm</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #pl">
              <orth>hlainidēdud</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #pl">
              <orth>hlainidēdīd</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #pl">
              <orth>hlainidēdun</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #pl">
              <orth>hlainidēdīn</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="present">
              <orth>hlainijandz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="past">
              <orth>hlainidaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="infinitive">
              <orth>hlainijaną</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*hlainijan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>lēnen</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>lênen, leinen</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Dutch</lang>
                        <orth>leunen</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*hlainijan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>hlǣnan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>lenen</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>English</lang>
                        <orth>lean</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Scots</lang>
                        <orth>lene, leyn</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*hlainijan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>hleinen</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>leinen</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German</lang>
                        <orth>leinen, lehnen</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*hlainijan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>*hlēnian</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>lênen, lȫnen</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German Low German</lang>
                        <orth>lehnen</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>*hleina</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Danish</lang>
                    <orth>læne</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Swedish</lang>
                    <orth>läna</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
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