<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?>
<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xml:lang="en" version="4.12.0">
  <teiHeader>
    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *hlēwaz</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-01"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_hlēwaz</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_hlewaz_x2" type="adj" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hlēwaz">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>hlēwaz</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈxlɛː.wɑz</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᚺᛚᛖᚹᚨᛉ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>adj</pos>
            <gram type="stem">a-stem</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>lukewarm</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">From the same root of the synonym *hliwjaz as well as possibly *hlewą (‘shelter’) (but see Proto-West Germanic *hlaiw for an alternative), further uncertain:</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #masc #strong">
              <orth>hlēwaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #fem #strong">
              <orth>hlēwō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #neut #strong">
              <orth>hlēwą, -atō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #masc #strong">
              <orth>hlēwai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #fem #strong">
              <orth>hlēwôz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #neut #strong">
              <orth>hlēwō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #masc #strong">
              <orth>hlēwanǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #fem #strong">
              <orth>hlēwǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #neut #strong">
              <orth>hlēwą, -atō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #masc #strong">
              <orth>hlēwanz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #fem #strong">
              <orth>hlēwōz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #neut #strong">
              <orth>hlēwō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #masc #strong">
              <orth>hlēwas, -is</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #fem #strong">
              <orth>hlēwaizōz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #neut #strong">
              <orth>hlēwas, -is</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #masc #strong">
              <orth>hlēwaizǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #fem #strong">
              <orth>hlēwaizǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #neut #strong">
              <orth>hlēwaizǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #masc #strong">
              <orth>hlēwammai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #fem #strong">
              <orth>hlēwaizōi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #neut #strong">
              <orth>hlēwammai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #masc #strong">
              <orth>hlēwaimaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #fem #strong">
              <orth>hlēwaimaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #neut #strong">
              <orth>hlēwaimaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #masc #strong">
              <orth>hlēwanō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #fem #strong">
              <orth>hlēwaizō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #neut #strong">
              <orth>hlēwanō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #masc #strong">
              <orth>hlēwaimiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #fem #strong">
              <orth>hlēwaimiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #neut #strong">
              <orth>hlēwaimiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #masc #weak">
              <orth>hlēwô</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #fem #weak">
              <orth>hlēwǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #neut #weak">
              <orth>hlēwô</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #masc #weak">
              <orth>hlēwaniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #fem #weak">
              <orth>hlēwōniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #neut #weak">
              <orth>hlēwōnō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #masc #weak">
              <orth>hlēwanų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #fem #weak">
              <orth>hlēwōnų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #neut #weak">
              <orth>hlēwô</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #masc #weak">
              <orth>hlēwanunz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #fem #weak">
              <orth>hlēwōnunz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #neut #weak">
              <orth>hlēwōnō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #masc #weak">
              <orth>hlēwiniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #fem #weak">
              <orth>hlēwōniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #neut #weak">
              <orth>hlēwiniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #masc #weak">
              <orth>hlēwanǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #fem #weak">
              <orth>hlēwōnǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #neut #weak">
              <orth>hlēwanǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #masc #weak">
              <orth>hlēwini</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #fem #weak">
              <orth>hlēwōni</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #neut #weak">
              <orth>hlēwini</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #masc #weak">
              <orth>hlēwammaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #fem #weak">
              <orth>hlēwōmaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #neut #weak">
              <orth>hlēwammaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #masc #weak">
              <orth>hlēwinē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #fem #weak">
              <orth>hlēwōnē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #neut #weak">
              <orth>hlēwinē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #masc #weak">
              <orth>hlēwammiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #fem #weak">
              <orth>hlēwōmiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #neut #weak">
              <orth>hlēwammiz</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*hlāu</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>*lāo</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>lâeu, lau</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Dutch</lang>
                        <orth>lauw</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Afrikaans</lang>
                          <orth>lou</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*hlāu</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>hlēow</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>lew, lewe</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>English</lang>
                        <orth>lew</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Scots</lang>
                        <orth>lew</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*hlāu</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old French</lang>
                    <orth>flou</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>vlau</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Danish</lang>
                        <orth>flov</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Dutch</lang>
                        <orth>flauw</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German</lang>
                        <orth>flau</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*hlāu</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old French</lang>
                    <orth>flou</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle French</lang>
                      <orth>flou</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>French</lang>
                        <orth>flou</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*hlāu</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Frisian</lang>
                    <orth>*hliāw, *liāw</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Saterland Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>ljou</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>West Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>lij</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*hlāu</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>lāo, *hlāo</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>lā, lāw-</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Alemannic German</lang>
                        <orth>leew</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German</lang>
                        <orth>lau</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*hlāu</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>*hlāo</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>lau, lauw</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German Low German</lang>
                        <orth>lau</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>hlær</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Danish</lang>
                    <orth>læ</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>hlær</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian</lang>
                    <orth>læ</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-Finnic</lang>
                  <orth>*leevä</orth>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-Finnic</lang>
                  <orth>*lauha</orth>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
  </text>
</TEI>
