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    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *hlōaną</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-02"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_hlōaną</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <list type="cognates">
        <item xml:id="cog_grc_kaleo" xml:lang="grc" type="cognate">
          <orth>καλέω</orth>
          <form type="translit">
            <orth>kaléō</orth>
          </form>
          <def>call, summon, invite</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_lat_clamo" xml:lang="lat" type="cognate">
          <orth>clāmō</orth>
          <def>to cry, shout</def>
        </item>
      </list>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_hloana" type="verb" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hlōaną">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>hlōaną</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈxlɔː.ɑ.nɑ̃</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᚺᛚᛟᚨᚾᚨ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>verb</pos>
            <gram type="class">Strong class 7e</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>to shout</def>
          </sense>
          <sense n="2">
            <def>to bellow; roar</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">From Proto-Indo-European *kloh₁-ye-, frequentative form of *kleh₁- (‘to call, shout’), from *kelh₁- (‘to shout’). Cognate with Latin <mentioned xml:lang="lat" target="#cog_lat_clamo"><ref target="#cog_lat_clamo">clāmō</ref></mentioned> (‘cry out, shout, claim’), Ancient Greek <mentioned xml:lang="grc" target="#cog_grc_kaleo"><ref target="#cog_grc_kaleo">καλέω</ref></mentioned> (kaléō, ‘call, summon, invite’).</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>hlōō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>hlōaų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #sg">
              <orth>hlōai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>hlōizi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>hlōaiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>hlō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>hlōazai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>hlōaizau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>hlōidi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>hlōai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>hlōadau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>hlōadai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>hlōaidau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>hlōōz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>hlōaiw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>hlōadiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>hlōaidiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>hlōadiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>hlōamaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>hlōaim</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>hlōandai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>hlōaindau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>hlōid</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>hlōaid</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>hlōid</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>hlōandai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>hlōaindau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>hlōandi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>hlōain</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>hlōandau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>hlōandai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>hlōaindau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #sg">
              <orth>hehlō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #sg">
              <orth>hehlōį̄</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #sg">
              <orth>hehlōt</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #sg">
              <orth>hehlōīz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #sg">
              <orth>hehlō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #sg">
              <orth>hehlōī</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #du">
              <orth>hehlōū</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #du">
              <orth>hehlōīw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #du">
              <orth>hehlōudiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #du">
              <orth>hehlōīdiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #pl">
              <orth>hehlōum</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #pl">
              <orth>hehlōīm</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #pl">
              <orth>hehlōud</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #pl">
              <orth>hehlōīd</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #pl">
              <orth>hehlōun</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #pl">
              <orth>hehlōīn</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="present">
              <orth>hlōandz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="past">
              <orth>hlōanaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="infinitive">
              <orth>hlōaną</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*hlōan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>luoien</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>loeyen</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Dutch</lang>
                        <orth>loeien</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Afrikaans</lang>
                          <orth>loei</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*hlōan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>hlōwan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>lowen, louen, loowen, louwen, lhouen</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>English</lang>
                        <orth>low</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Scots</lang>
                        <orth>low</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*hlōan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>hlōjan, hlōon, hluoen, lōwan, luoen, luon, luogen</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>luogen, lüewen, lüejen, lüen</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*hlōan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>hlōjan, *hlōgian</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>lōien, lūgen</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>hlóa</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>hlóa</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>hlói</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>hlóa</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
  </text>
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