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<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xml:lang="en" version="4.12.0">
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    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *hlūdaz</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-02"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_hlūdaz</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_hludaz" type="adj" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hlūdaz">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>hlūdaz</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈxluː.ðɑz</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᚺᛚᚢᛞᚨᛉ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>adj</pos>
            <gram type="stem">a-stem</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>loud</def>
          </sense>
          <sense n="2">
            <def>famous</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">From Proto-Indo-European *ḱlutós, from *ḱlew- (‘to hear; famous’). The origin of the long vowel is unclear.</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #masc #strong">
              <orth>hlūdaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #fem #strong">
              <orth>hlūdō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #neut #strong">
              <orth>hlūdą, -atō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #masc #strong">
              <orth>hlūdai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #fem #strong">
              <orth>hlūdôz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #neut #strong">
              <orth>hlūdō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #masc #strong">
              <orth>hlūdanǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #fem #strong">
              <orth>hlūdǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #neut #strong">
              <orth>hlūdą, -atō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #masc #strong">
              <orth>hlūdanz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #fem #strong">
              <orth>hlūdōz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #neut #strong">
              <orth>hlūdō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #masc #strong">
              <orth>hlūdas, -is</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #fem #strong">
              <orth>hlūdaizōz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #neut #strong">
              <orth>hlūdas, -is</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #masc #strong">
              <orth>hlūdaizǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #fem #strong">
              <orth>hlūdaizǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #neut #strong">
              <orth>hlūdaizǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #masc #strong">
              <orth>hlūdammai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #fem #strong">
              <orth>hlūdaizōi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #neut #strong">
              <orth>hlūdammai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #masc #strong">
              <orth>hlūdaimaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #fem #strong">
              <orth>hlūdaimaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #neut #strong">
              <orth>hlūdaimaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #masc #strong">
              <orth>hlūdanō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #fem #strong">
              <orth>hlūdaizō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #neut #strong">
              <orth>hlūdanō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #masc #strong">
              <orth>hlūdaimiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #fem #strong">
              <orth>hlūdaimiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #neut #strong">
              <orth>hlūdaimiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #masc #weak">
              <orth>hlūdô</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #fem #weak">
              <orth>hlūdǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #neut #weak">
              <orth>hlūdô</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #masc #weak">
              <orth>hlūdaniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #fem #weak">
              <orth>hlūdōniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #neut #weak">
              <orth>hlūdōnō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #masc #weak">
              <orth>hlūdanų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #fem #weak">
              <orth>hlūdōnų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #neut #weak">
              <orth>hlūdô</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #masc #weak">
              <orth>hlūdanunz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #fem #weak">
              <orth>hlūdōnunz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #neut #weak">
              <orth>hlūdōnō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #masc #weak">
              <orth>hlūdiniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #fem #weak">
              <orth>hlūdōniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #neut #weak">
              <orth>hlūdiniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #masc #weak">
              <orth>hlūdanǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #fem #weak">
              <orth>hlūdōnǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #neut #weak">
              <orth>hlūdanǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #masc #weak">
              <orth>hlūdini</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #fem #weak">
              <orth>hlūdōni</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #neut #weak">
              <orth>hlūdini</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #masc #weak">
              <orth>hlūdammaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #fem #weak">
              <orth>hlūdōmaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #neut #weak">
              <orth>hlūdammaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #masc #weak">
              <orth>hlūdinē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #fem #weak">
              <orth>hlūdōnē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #neut #weak">
              <orth>hlūdinē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #masc #weak">
              <orth>hlūdammiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #fem #weak">
              <orth>hlūdōmiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #neut #weak">
              <orth>hlūdammiz</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*hlūd</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>lūd</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>luut</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Dutch</lang>
                        <orth>luid</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Limburgish</lang>
                        <orth>luud</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*hlūd</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>hlūd</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>loud, loude, lowd, lowde, lud</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>English</lang>
                        <orth>loud</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Scots</lang>
                        <orth>loud, lood</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*hlūd</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Frisian</lang>
                    <orth>hlūd</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Saterland Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>luud</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>West Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>lûd</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*hlūd</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>lūt</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>lūt</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Central Franconian</lang>
                        <orth>?</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Hunsrik</lang>
                          <orth>laut</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*hlūd</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>lūt</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>lūt</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German</lang>
                        <orth>laut</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Esperanto</lang>
                          <orth>laŭta</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*hlūd</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>hlūd</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>lūt, lūd</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German Low German</lang>
                        <orth>luud, luut</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Low German</lang>
                        <orth>luud</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Plautdietsch</lang>
                        <orth>lud</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
  </text>
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