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    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *hlūtraz</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-01"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_hlūtraz</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <list type="cognates">
        <item xml:id="cog_ine-x-proto_klewh" xml:lang="ine-x-proto" type="etymon">
          <orth>*ḱlewH-</orth>
          <def>to clean</def>
        </item>
      </list>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_hlutraz" type="adj" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hlūtraz">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>hlūtraz</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈxluː.trɑz</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᚺᛚᚢᛏᚱᚨᛉ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>adj</pos>
            <gram type="stem">a-stem</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>clean, clear, pure</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">From pre-Germanic *ḱluHdrós, equivalent to an unattested *hleutaną (‘to clean’) + *-raz, the former being an extension in *-d- from Proto-Indo-European <mentioned xml:lang="ine-x-proto" target="#cog_ine-x-proto_klewh"><ref target="#cog_ine-x-proto_klewh">*ḱlewH-</ref></mentioned> (‘to clean’).</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #masc #strong">
              <orth>hlūtraz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #fem #strong">
              <orth>hlūtrō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #neut #strong">
              <orth>hlūtrą, -atō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #masc #strong">
              <orth>hlūtrai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #fem #strong">
              <orth>hlūtrôz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #neut #strong">
              <orth>hlūtrō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #masc #strong">
              <orth>hlūtranǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #fem #strong">
              <orth>hlūtrǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #neut #strong">
              <orth>hlūtrą, -atō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #masc #strong">
              <orth>hlūtranz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #fem #strong">
              <orth>hlūtrōz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #neut #strong">
              <orth>hlūtrō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #masc #strong">
              <orth>hlūtras, -is</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #fem #strong">
              <orth>hlūtraizōz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #neut #strong">
              <orth>hlūtras, -is</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #masc #strong">
              <orth>hlūtraizǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #fem #strong">
              <orth>hlūtraizǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #neut #strong">
              <orth>hlūtraizǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #masc #strong">
              <orth>hlūtrammai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #fem #strong">
              <orth>hlūtraizōi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #neut #strong">
              <orth>hlūtrammai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #masc #strong">
              <orth>hlūtraimaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #fem #strong">
              <orth>hlūtraimaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #neut #strong">
              <orth>hlūtraimaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #masc #strong">
              <orth>hlūtranō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #fem #strong">
              <orth>hlūtraizō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #neut #strong">
              <orth>hlūtranō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #masc #strong">
              <orth>hlūtraimiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #fem #strong">
              <orth>hlūtraimiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #neut #strong">
              <orth>hlūtraimiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #masc #weak">
              <orth>hlūtrô</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #fem #weak">
              <orth>hlūtrǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #neut #weak">
              <orth>hlūtrô</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #masc #weak">
              <orth>hlūtraniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #fem #weak">
              <orth>hlūtrōniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #neut #weak">
              <orth>hlūtrōnō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #masc #weak">
              <orth>hlūtranų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #fem #weak">
              <orth>hlūtrōnų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #neut #weak">
              <orth>hlūtrô</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #masc #weak">
              <orth>hlūtranunz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #fem #weak">
              <orth>hlūtrōnunz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #neut #weak">
              <orth>hlūtrōnō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #masc #weak">
              <orth>hlūtriniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #fem #weak">
              <orth>hlūtrōniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #neut #weak">
              <orth>hlūtriniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #masc #weak">
              <orth>hlūtranǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #fem #weak">
              <orth>hlūtrōnǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #neut #weak">
              <orth>hlūtranǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #masc #weak">
              <orth>hlūtrini</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #fem #weak">
              <orth>hlūtrōni</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #neut #weak">
              <orth>hlūtrini</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #masc #weak">
              <orth>hlūtrammaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #fem #weak">
              <orth>hlūtrōmaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #neut #weak">
              <orth>hlūtrammaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #masc #weak">
              <orth>hlūtrinē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #fem #weak">
              <orth>hlūtrōnē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #neut #weak">
              <orth>hlūtrinē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #masc #weak">
              <orth>hlūtrammiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #fem #weak">
              <orth>hlūtrōmiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #neut #weak">
              <orth>hlūtrammiz</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*hlūtr</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Frisian</lang>
                    <orth>hlutter</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>hluttar</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*hlūtr</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>lutter, *lūter</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>lutter, lotter, luter</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Dutch</lang>
                        <orth>luiter</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*hlūtr</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>hlūtor</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>lutter</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*hlūtr</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>hlūtar</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>lūter</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German</lang>
                        <orth>lauter</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*hlūtr</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>hlūtar</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>lūter</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Dutch</lang>
                        <orth>louter</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Afrikaans</lang>
                          <orth>louter</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Gothic</lang>
                  <orth>𐌷𐌻𐌿𐍄𐍂𐍃 (hlūtrs)</orth>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
  </text>
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