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    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *hnappaz</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-02"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_hnappaz</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_hnappaz" type="noun" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hnappaz">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>hnappaz</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈxnɑp.pɑz</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᚺᚾᚨᛈᚨᛉ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>noun</pos>
            <gram type="gender">masculine</gram>
            <gram type="stem">a-stem</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>bowl; cup</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">Unknown. Perhaps related to *knuttô. See also *hnappōną.</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom">
              <orth>hnappaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom">
              <orth>hnappōz, hnappōs</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc">
              <orth>hnappą</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc">
              <orth>hnappanz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen">
              <orth>hnappas, hnappis</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen">
              <orth>hnappǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat">
              <orth>hnappai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat">
              <orth>hnappamaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr">
              <orth>hnappō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr">
              <orth>hnappamiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #voc">
              <orth>hnapp</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #voc">
              <orth>hnappōz, hnappōs</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*hnapp</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Medieval Latin</lang>
                    <orth>hanappus</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*hnapp</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>*napp, *nap</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>nappe, nap</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Dutch</lang>
                        <orth>nap</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*hnapp</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>hnæpp, hnæpf, hnæp</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>nappe, neppe, nap, nep</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>English</lang>
                        <orth>nap</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Scots</lang>
                        <orth>napp, nap</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*hnapp</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Frisian</lang>
                    <orth>*nepp, *nep</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Saterland Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>Näp</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>West Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>nappe</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*hnapp</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>napf, naph</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>napf, naph</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German</lang>
                        <orth>Napf</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*hnapp</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>*hnapp, hnap</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>nap</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German Low German</lang>
                        <orth>Napp</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>hnappr</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>hnappur</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>hnappr</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Swedish</lang>
                    <orth>napper</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Swedish</lang>
                      <orth>napp</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Gothic</lang>
                  <orth>*𐌷𐌽𐌰𐍀𐍀𐍃 (*hnapps)</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Medieval Latin</lang>
                    <orth>nappus, nappa, napus</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Italian</lang>
                      <orth>nappo</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-Samic</lang>
                  <orth>*nāppē</orth>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
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