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  <teiHeader>
    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *hnippōną</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-02"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_hnippōną</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <list type="cognates">
        <item xml:id="cog_ine-x-proto_kneybh" xml:lang="ine-x-proto" type="etymon">
          <orth>*kneybʰ-</orth>
          <def>to pinch</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_lit_kniebti" xml:lang="lit" type="cognate">
          <orth>kniẽbti</orth>
          <def>to pinch</def>
        </item>
      </list>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_hnippona" type="verb" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hnippōną">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>hnippōną</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈxnip.pɔː.nɑ̃</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᚺᚾᛁᛈᛟᚾᚨ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>verb</pos>
            <gram type="class">Weak class 2</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>to pinch</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">From earlier paradigm *hnippōþi ~ *hnibunanþi, from pre-Proto-Germanic *knibʰ-nā́-ti ~ *knibʰ-un-ánti, iterative from Proto-Indo-European <mentioned xml:lang="ine-x-proto" target="#cog_ine-x-proto_kneybh"><ref target="#cog_ine-x-proto_kneybh">*kneybʰ-</ref></mentioned> (‘to pinch’). Cognate with Latvian kniêbt, Lithuanian <mentioned xml:lang="lit" target="#cog_lit_kniebti"><ref target="#cog_lit_kniebti">kniẽbti</ref></mentioned> (‘to pinch’).</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>hnippō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>hnippǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #sg">
              <orth>hnippōi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>hnippōsi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>hnippōs</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>hnippō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>hnippōsai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>hnippōsau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>hnippōþi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>hnippō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>hnippōþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>hnippōþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>hnippōþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>hnippōs</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>hnippōw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>hnippōþiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>hnippōþiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>hnippōþiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>hnippōmaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>hnippōm</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>hnippōnþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>hnippōnþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>hnippōþ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>hnippōþ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>hnippōþ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>hnippōnþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>hnippōnþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>hnippōnþi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>hnippōn</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>hnippōnþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>hnippōnþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>hnippōnþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #sg">
              <orth>hnippōdǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #sg">
              <orth>hnippōdēdį̄</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #sg">
              <orth>hnippōdēz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #sg">
              <orth>hnippōdēdīz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #sg">
              <orth>hnippōdē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #sg">
              <orth>hnippōdēdī</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #du">
              <orth>hnippōdēdū</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #du">
              <orth>hnippōdēdīw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #du">
              <orth>hnippōdēdudiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #du">
              <orth>hnippōdēdīdiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #pl">
              <orth>hnippōdēdum</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #pl">
              <orth>hnippōdēdīm</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #pl">
              <orth>hnippōdēdud</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #pl">
              <orth>hnippōdēdīd</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #pl">
              <orth>hnippōdēdun</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #pl">
              <orth>hnippōdēdīn</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="present">
              <orth>hnippōndz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="past">
              <orth>hnippōdaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="infinitive">
              <orth>hnippōną</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*hnippōn</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>*nippon</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>nippen</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Dutch</lang>
                        <orth>nippen</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*hnippōn</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>*hnippian</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>nippen</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>English</lang>
                        <orth>nip</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*hnippōn</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>*nipfōn</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>nipfen</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German</lang>
                        <orth>nipfen</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*hnippōn</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>*hnippōn</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>nippen</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Danish</lang>
                        <orth>nippe</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German</lang>
                        <orth>nippen</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Low German</lang>
                        <orth>nippen</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Norwegian Bokmål</lang>
                        <orth>nippe</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>hnippa</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>hnippa</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
  </text>
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