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  <teiHeader>
    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *hrainiz</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-01"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_hrainiz</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <list type="cognates">
        <item xml:id="cog_ine-x-proto_krey" xml:lang="ine-x-proto" type="etymon">
          <orth>*krey-</orth>
          <def>to divide, sift</def>
        </item>
      </list>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_hrainiz" type="adj" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hrainiz">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>hrainiz</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈxrɑi̯.niz</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᚺᚱᚨᛁᚾᛁᛉ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>adj</pos>
            <gram type="stem">i-stem</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>clean, not dirty</def>
          </sense>
          <sense n="2">
            <def>pure</def>
          </sense>
          <sense n="3">
            <def>innocent</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">From Proto-Indo-European *króy-n-is, a possibly-vṛddhied adjectival formation from an unattested *hrinaną, from Proto-Indo-European <mentioned xml:lang="ine-x-proto" target="#cog_ine-x-proto_krey"><ref target="#cog_ine-x-proto_krey">*krey-</ref></mentioned> (‘to divide, sift’).</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #masc #strong">
              <orth>hrainiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #fem #strong">
              <orth>hrainī</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #neut #strong">
              <orth>hrainį, -jatō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #masc #strong">
              <orth>hrainijai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #fem #strong">
              <orth>hrainijôz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #neut #strong">
              <orth>hrainijō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #masc #strong">
              <orth>hrainijanǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #fem #strong">
              <orth>hrainijǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #neut #strong">
              <orth>hrainį, -jatō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #masc #strong">
              <orth>hrainijanz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #fem #strong">
              <orth>hrainijōz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #neut #strong">
              <orth>hrainijō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #masc #strong">
              <orth>hrainijas, hrainīs</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #fem #strong">
              <orth>hrainijaizōz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #neut #strong">
              <orth>hrainijas, hrainīs</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #masc #strong">
              <orth>hrainijaizǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #fem #strong">
              <orth>hrainijaizǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #neut #strong">
              <orth>hrainijaizǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #masc #strong">
              <orth>hrainijammai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #fem #strong">
              <orth>hrainijaizōi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #neut #strong">
              <orth>hrainijammai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #masc #strong">
              <orth>hrainijaimaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #fem #strong">
              <orth>hrainijaimaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #neut #strong">
              <orth>hrainijaimaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #masc #strong">
              <orth>hrainijanō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #fem #strong">
              <orth>hrainijaizō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #neut #strong">
              <orth>hrainijanō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #masc #strong">
              <orth>hrainijaimiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #fem #strong">
              <orth>hrainijaimiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #neut #strong">
              <orth>hrainijaimiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #masc #weak">
              <orth>hrainijô</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #fem #weak">
              <orth>hrainijǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #neut #weak">
              <orth>hrainijô</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #masc #weak">
              <orth>hrainijaniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #fem #weak">
              <orth>hrainijōniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #neut #weak">
              <orth>hrainijōnō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #masc #weak">
              <orth>hrainijanų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #fem #weak">
              <orth>hrainijōnų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #neut #weak">
              <orth>hrainijô</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #masc #weak">
              <orth>hrainijanunz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #fem #weak">
              <orth>hrainijōnunz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #neut #weak">
              <orth>hrainijōnō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #masc #weak">
              <orth>hrainīniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #fem #weak">
              <orth>hrainijōniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #neut #weak">
              <orth>hrainīniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #masc #weak">
              <orth>hrainijanǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #fem #weak">
              <orth>hrainijōnǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #neut #weak">
              <orth>hrainijanǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #masc #weak">
              <orth>hrainīni</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #fem #weak">
              <orth>hrainijōni</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #neut #weak">
              <orth>hrainīni</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #masc #weak">
              <orth>hrainijammaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #fem #weak">
              <orth>hrainijōmaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #neut #weak">
              <orth>hrainijammaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #masc #weak">
              <orth>hrainīnē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #fem #weak">
              <orth>hrainijōnē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #neut #weak">
              <orth>hrainīnē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #masc #weak">
              <orth>hrainijammiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #fem #weak">
              <orth>hrainijōmiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #neut #weak">
              <orth>hrainijammiz</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*hrainī</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>reini</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>reine</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Limburgish</lang>
                        <orth>rein</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*hrainī</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>reini</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>reine</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Dutch</lang>
                        <orth>rein, reen</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Afrikaans</lang>
                          <orth>rein</orth>
                        </form>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Negerhollands</lang>
                          <orth>rein</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*hrainī</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>reini</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>reine</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German</lang>
                        <orth>rein</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Yiddish</lang>
                        <orth>ריין (reyn)</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*hrainī</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>hrēni, hreini</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>reine</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Low German</lang>
                        <orth>rein, reen, rien, ren</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>hreinn</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Elfdalian</lang>
                    <orth>rien</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Faroese</lang>
                    <orth>reinur</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Gutnish</lang>
                    <orth>rainar, rain</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>hreinn</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>hreinn</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Danish</lang>
                    <orth>ren</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Norwegian Bokmål</lang>
                      <orth>ren</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>hreinn</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian Nynorsk</lang>
                    <orth>rein</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Norwegian Bokmål</lang>
                      <orth>rein</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>hreinn</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Swedish</lang>
                    <orth>rēn</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Swedish</lang>
                      <orth>ren</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Gothic</lang>
                  <orth>𐌷𐍂𐌰𐌹𐌽𐍃 (hrains)</orth>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-Finnic</lang>
                  <orth>*rainis</orth>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-Samic</lang>
                  <orth>*rājnës</orth>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
  </text>
</TEI>
