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  <teiHeader>
    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *hreganą</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-01"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_hreganą</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <list type="cognates">
        <item xml:id="cog_grc_erkhomai" xml:lang="grc" type="cognate">
          <orth>ἔρχομαι</orth>
          <form type="translit">
            <orth>érkhomai</orth>
          </form>
          <def>to come, go</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_grc_krossai" xml:lang="grc" type="cognate">
          <orth>κρόσσαι</orth>
          <form type="translit">
            <orth>króssai</orth>
          </form>
          <def>stepped copings of parapets</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_ine-x-proto_h1ergh" xml:lang="ine-x-proto" type="etymon">
          <orth>*h₁erǵʰ-</orth>
          <def>to move, go</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_ine-x-proto_krek" xml:lang="ine-x-proto" type="etymon">
          <orth>*krek-</orth>
          <def>to beat, weave; web</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_lit_krake" xml:lang="lit" type="cognate">
          <orth>krãkė</orth>
          <def>rod, staff</def>
        </item>
      </list>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_hregana" type="verb" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hreganą">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>hreganą</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈxre.ɣɑ.nɑ̃</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᚺᚱᛖᚷᚨᚾᚨ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>verb</pos>
            <gram type="class">Strong class 4</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>to jut out</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">Seemingly from a Proto-Indo-European <mentioned xml:lang="ine-x-proto" target="#cog_ine-x-proto_krek"><ref target="#cog_ine-x-proto_krek">*krek-</ref></mentioned> (‘to jut out’), though Kroonen adduces no cognates outside of Germanic, specifically rejecting the traditional connections with Ancient Greek <mentioned xml:lang="grc" target="#cog_grc_krossai"><ref target="#cog_grc_krossai">κρόσσαι</ref></mentioned> (króssai, ‘stepped copings of parapets’), Lithuanian <mentioned xml:lang="lit" target="#cog_lit_krake"><ref target="#cog_lit_krake">krãkė</ref></mentioned> (‘rod, staff’), Russian кроква (krókva, ‘bar, club, rafters’). Orel, who reconstructs the Germanic as *reganą, instead derives the root from Proto-Indo-European <mentioned xml:lang="ine-x-proto" target="#cog_ine-x-proto_h1ergh"><ref target="#cog_ine-x-proto_h1ergh">*h₁erǵʰ-</ref></mentioned> (‘to move, go’), comparing Ancient Greek <mentioned xml:lang="grc" target="#cog_grc_erkhomai"><ref target="#cog_grc_erkhomai">ἔρχομαι</ref></mentioned> (érkhomai, ‘to come, go’); however, in light of Old High German hragēn, this is phonetically untenable, as well as semantically tenuous.</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>hregō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>hregaų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #sg">
              <orth>hregai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>hrigizi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>hregaiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>hreg</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>hregazai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>hregaizau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>hrigidi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>hregai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>hregadau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>hregadai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>hregaidau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>hregōz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>hregaiw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>hregadiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>hregaidiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>hregadiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>hregamaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>hregaim</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>hregandai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>hregaindau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>hrigid</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>hregaid</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>hrigid</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>hregandai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>hregaindau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>hregandi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>hregain</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>hregandau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>hregandai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>hregaindau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #sg">
              <orth>hrag</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #sg">
              <orth>hrēgį̄</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #sg">
              <orth>hraht</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #sg">
              <orth>hrēgīz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #sg">
              <orth>hrag</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #sg">
              <orth>hrēgī</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #du">
              <orth>hrēgū</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #du">
              <orth>hrēgīw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #du">
              <orth>hrēgudiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #du">
              <orth>hrēgīdiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #pl">
              <orth>hrēgum</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #pl">
              <orth>hrēgīm</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #pl">
              <orth>hrēgud</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #pl">
              <orth>hrēgīd</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #pl">
              <orth>hrēgun</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #pl">
              <orth>hrēgīn</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="present">
              <orth>hregandz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="past">
              <orth>hruganaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="infinitive">
              <orth>hreganą</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                  <orth>regen</orth>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
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