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  <teiHeader>
    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *hrindaną</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-01"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_hrindaną</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <list type="cognates">
        <item xml:id="cog_ine-x-proto_kret" xml:lang="ine-x-proto" type="etymon">
          <orth>*kret-</orth>
          <def>to shake, move suddenly</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_lit_krantas" xml:lang="lit" type="cognate">
          <orth>krañtas</orth>
          <def>shorebank</def>
        </item>
      </list>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_hrindana" type="verb" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hrindaną">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>hrindaną</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈxrin.dɑ.nɑ̃</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᚺᚱᛁᚾᛞᚨᚾᚨ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>verb</pos>
            <gram type="class">Strong class 3</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>to push, thrust</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">Probably a nasal-infixed formation from Proto-Indo-European <mentioned xml:lang="ine-x-proto" target="#cog_ine-x-proto_kret"><ref target="#cog_ine-x-proto_kret">*kret-</ref></mentioned> (‘to beat, strike, hit, shake’); compare Lithuanian <mentioned xml:lang="lit" target="#cog_lit_krantas"><ref target="#cog_lit_krantas">krañtas</ref></mentioned> (‘shorebank’) for a potential cognate with similar formation.</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>hrindō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>hrindaų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #sg">
              <orth>hrindai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>hrindizi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>hrindaiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>hrind</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>hrindazai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>hrindaizau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>hrindidi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>hrindai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>hrindadau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>hrindadai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>hrindaidau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>hrindōz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>hrindaiw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>hrindadiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>hrindaidiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>hrindadiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>hrindamaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>hrindaim</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>hrindandai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>hrindaindau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>hrindid</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>hrindaid</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>hrindid</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>hrindandai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>hrindaindau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>hrindandi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>hrindain</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>hrindandau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>hrindandai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>hrindaindau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #sg">
              <orth>hrand</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #sg">
              <orth>hrundį̄</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #sg">
              <orth>hranst</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #sg">
              <orth>hrundīz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #sg">
              <orth>hrand</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #sg">
              <orth>hrundī</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #du">
              <orth>hrundū</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #du">
              <orth>hrundīw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #du">
              <orth>hrundudiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #du">
              <orth>hrundīdiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #pl">
              <orth>hrundum</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #pl">
              <orth>hrundīm</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #pl">
              <orth>hrundud</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #pl">
              <orth>hrundīd</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #pl">
              <orth>hrundun</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #pl">
              <orth>hrundīn</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="present">
              <orth>hrindandz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="past">
              <orth>hrundanaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="infinitive">
              <orth>hrindaną</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*hrindan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>hrindan</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>hrinda</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Faroese</lang>
                    <orth>rinda</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>hrinda</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Swedish</lang>
                    <orth>rinda</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
  </text>
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