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  <teiHeader>
    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *hrinkwaną</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-01"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_hrinkwaną</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <list type="cognates">
        <item xml:id="cog_chu_krogu" xml:lang="chu" type="cognate">
          <orth>крѫгъ</orth>
          <form type="translit">
            <orth>krǫgŭ</orth>
          </form>
          <def>circle</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_ine-x-proto_s_kreng" xml:lang="ine-x-proto" type="etymon">
          <orth>*(s)kreng-</orth>
        </item>
      </list>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_hrinkwana" type="verb" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hrinkwaną">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>hrinkwaną</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈxriŋʷ.kʷɑ.nɑ̃</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᚺᚱᛁᚾᚲᚹᚨᚾᚨ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>verb</pos>
            <gram type="class">Strong class 3</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>to bend</def>
          </sense>
          <sense n="2">
            <def>to curl</def>
          </sense>
          <sense n="3">
            <def>to recoil, to give way</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">Unclear. According to Pokorny, from Proto-Indo-European <mentioned xml:lang="ine-x-proto" target="#cog_ine-x-proto_s_kreng"><ref target="#cog_ine-x-proto_s_kreng">*(s)kreng-</ref></mentioned>, nasalized variant of *(s)ker- (‘to bend’).</seg>
            <seg type="p">Thought to be related to Old High German hranca and Middle Dutch ranke (‘tendril, twig’). Furthermore possibly related to Old Church Slavonic <mentioned xml:lang="chu" target="#cog_chu_krogu"><ref target="#cog_chu_krogu">крѫгъ</ref></mentioned> (krǫgŭ, ‘circle’).</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>hrinkwō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>hrinkwaų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #sg">
              <orth>hrinkwai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>hrinkwizi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>hrinkwaiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>hrinkw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>hrinkwazai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>hrinkwaizau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>hrinkwidi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>hrinkwai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>hrinkwadau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>hrinkwadai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>hrinkwaidau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>hrinkwōz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>hrinkwaiw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>hrinkwadiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>hrinkwaidiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>hrinkwadiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>hrinkwamaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>hrinkwaim</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>hrinkwandai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>hrinkwaindau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>hrinkwid</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>hrinkwaid</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>hrinkwid</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>hrinkwandai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>hrinkwaindau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>hrinkwandi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>hrinkwain</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>hrinkwandau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>hrinkwandai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>hrinkwaindau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #sg">
              <orth>hrankw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #sg">
              <orth>hrunkį̄</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #sg">
              <orth>hranht</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #sg">
              <orth>hrunkīz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #sg">
              <orth>hrankw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #sg">
              <orth>hrunkī</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #du">
              <orth>hrunkū</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #du">
              <orth>hrunkīw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #du">
              <orth>hrunkudiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #du">
              <orth>hrunkīdiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #pl">
              <orth>hrunkum</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #pl">
              <orth>hrunkīm</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #pl">
              <orth>hrunkud</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #pl">
              <orth>hrunkīd</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #pl">
              <orth>hrunkun</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #pl">
              <orth>hrunkīn</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="present">
              <orth>hrinkwandz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="past">
              <orth>hrunkwanaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="infinitive">
              <orth>hrinkwaną</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>hrøkkva</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Faroese</lang>
                    <orth>røkka</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>hrökkva</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian Nynorsk</lang>
                    <orth>rekka</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>hrøkkva</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Danish</lang>
                    <orth>række</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Norwegian Bokmål</lang>
                      <orth>rekke</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
  </text>
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