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    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *hrūtaną</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-01"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_hrūtaną_2</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_hrutana_2" type="verb" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hrūtaną">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>hrūtaną</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈxruː.tɑ.nɑ̃</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᚺᚱᚢᛏᚨᚾᚨ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>verb</pos>
            <gram type="class">Strong class 2</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>to fall, fly, move quickly</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">A verbal formation related to *hreusaną (‘to fall’).</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>hrūtō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>hrūtaų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #sg">
              <orth>hrūtai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>hrūtizi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>hrūtaiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>hrūt</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>hrūtazai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>hrūtaizau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>hrūtidi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>hrūtai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>hrūtadau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>hrūtadai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>hrūtaidau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>hrūtōz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>hrūtaiw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>hrūtadiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>hrūtaidiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>hrūtadiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>hrūtamaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>hrūtaim</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>hrūtandai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>hrūtaindau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>hrūtid</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>hrūtaid</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>hrūtid</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>hrūtandai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>hrūtaindau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>hrūtandi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>hrūtain</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>hrūtandau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>hrūtandai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>hrūtaindau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #sg">
              <orth>hraut</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #sg">
              <orth>hrutį̄</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #sg">
              <orth>hraust</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #sg">
              <orth>hrutīz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #sg">
              <orth>hraut</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #sg">
              <orth>hrutī</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #du">
              <orth>hrutū</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #du">
              <orth>hrutīw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #du">
              <orth>hrutudiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #du">
              <orth>hrutīdiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #pl">
              <orth>hrutum</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #pl">
              <orth>hrutīm</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #pl">
              <orth>hrutud</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #pl">
              <orth>hrutīd</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #pl">
              <orth>hrutun</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #pl">
              <orth>hrutīn</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="present">
              <orth>hrūtandz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="past">
              <orth>hrutanaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="infinitive">
              <orth>hrūtaną</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*hrūtan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Frankish</lang>
                    <orth>*hūrton, *hūrt</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Catalan</lang>
                      <orth>aürtar</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*hrūtan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Frankish</lang>
                    <orth>*hūrton, *hūrt</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Old French</lang>
                      <orth>hurter</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>French</lang>
                        <orth>heurter</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*hrūtan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Frankish</lang>
                    <orth>*hūrton, *hūrt</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Old Occitan</lang>
                      <orth>urtar</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Italian</lang>
                        <orth>urtare</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Venetan</lang>
                        <orth>urtar</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*hrūtan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>*rūtan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>ruten</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Dutch</lang>
                        <orth>ruiten</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*hrūtan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>hrūtan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>routen, roten</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>English</lang>
                        <orth>rout</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Scots</lang>
                        <orth>rout</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*hrūtan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Frisian</lang>
                    <orth>hrūta</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>West Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>rute</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*hrūtan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>rūzan, rūzzan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>rūzen</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*hrūtan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>hrūtan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>ruten</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>hrjóta</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>hrjóta</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
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