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  <teiHeader>
    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *hufą</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-01"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_hufą</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_hufa" type="noun" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hufą">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>hufą</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈxu.ɸɑ̃</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᚺᚢᚠᚨ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>noun</pos>
            <gram type="gender">neuter</gram>
            <gram type="stem">a-stem</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>hill, elevated place</def>
          </sense>
          <sense n="2">
            <def>house, hall, estate</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">From Proto-Indo-European *kéh₂wp-os, from *keh₂wp- (‘to bend, arch, vault’). Related to *haupaz (‘heap’); see there for more.</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom">
              <orth>hufą</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom">
              <orth>hufō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc">
              <orth>hufą</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc">
              <orth>hufō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen">
              <orth>hufas, hufis</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen">
              <orth>hufǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat">
              <orth>hufai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat">
              <orth>hufamaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr">
              <orth>hufō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr">
              <orth>hufamiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #voc">
              <orth>hufą</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #voc">
              <orth>hufō</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*hof</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Frankish</lang>
                    <orth>*huf, *hof</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Old French</lang>
                      <orth>huvelet</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*hof</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Frankish</lang>
                    <orth>*huf, *hof</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>*hof</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                        <orth>hof</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Limburgish</lang>
                          <orth>haof, hoof</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*hof</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Frankish</lang>
                    <orth>*huf, *hof</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>*hof</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                        <orth>hof</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Dutch</lang>
                          <orth>hof</orth>
                          <form type="descendant">
                            <lang>Afrikaans</lang>
                            <orth>hof</orth>
                          </form>
                          <form type="descendant">
                            <lang>Negerhollands</lang>
                            <orth>hofje, hofi, hoffie</orth>
                          </form>
                          <form type="descendant">
                            <lang>Papiamentu</lang>
                            <orth>hòfi, hoffie</orth>
                          </form>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*hof</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Frankish</lang>
                    <orth>*huf, *hof</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>*hof</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                        <orth>hof</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Scots</lang>
                          <orth>howf, hauf, houf, houff, houffe, hooff, howff</orth>
                          <form type="descendant">
                            <lang>English</lang>
                            <orth>howf</orth>
                          </form>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*hof</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>hof</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>*hof, *hove</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Scots</lang>
                        <orth>hoff, howf, hoif, hoiff</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*hof</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>hof</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>*hof, *hove</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Middle English</lang>
                        <orth>hovel, hovil, hovylle</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>English</lang>
                          <orth>hovel</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*hof</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Frisian</lang>
                    <orth>hof</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>North Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>hof, höf, haaf</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Saterland Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>Hoaf</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>West Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>hôf, hou</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*hof</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>hof</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>hof</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Pennsylvania German</lang>
                        <orth>Hof</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Yiddish</lang>
                        <orth>הויף (hoyf)</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*hof</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>hof</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>hof</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Bavarian</lang>
                        <orth>Hof</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Cimbrian</lang>
                          <orth>hof, hoff</orth>
                        </form>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Mòcheno</lang>
                          <orth>hof</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*hof</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>hof</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>hof</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Central Franconian</lang>
                        <orth>Hoff, Hof, Hoaf</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Luxembourgish</lang>
                          <orth>Haff</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*hof</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>hof</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>hof</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German</lang>
                        <orth>Hof, Hoff</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>English</lang>
                          <orth>hof</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*hof</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>hof</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>hof</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Danish</lang>
                        <orth>hof</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Estonian</lang>
                        <orth>hoov</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German Low German</lang>
                        <orth>Hoff</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Norwegian</lang>
                        <orth>hoff</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Plautdietsch</lang>
                        <orth>Hoff</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*hof</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>hof</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>hof</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Old Swedish</lang>
                        <orth>hof</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Finnish</lang>
                          <orth>hovi</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*hof</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>hof</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>hof</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Old Swedish</lang>
                        <orth>hof</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Swedish</lang>
                          <orth>hov, hof</orth>
                          <form type="descendant">
                            <lang>Finnish</lang>
                            <orth>hovi, huovi</orth>
                          </form>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>hof</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Danish</lang>
                    <orth>hov</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>English</lang>
                    <orth>hof</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Faroese</lang>
                    <orth>hov</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>hof</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian Nynorsk</lang>
                    <orth>hov</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Swedish</lang>
                    <orth>hov</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
  </text>
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