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    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *hupiz</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-02"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_hupiz</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <list type="cognates">
        <item xml:id="cog_cel-x-proto_kuxsketi" xml:lang="cel-x-proto" type="cognate">
          <orth>*kuxsketi</orth>
          <def>to sleep</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_grc_kubos" xml:lang="grc" type="cognate">
          <orth>κύβος</orth>
          <form type="translit">
            <orth>kúbos</orth>
          </form>
          <def>hollow in the hips</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_ine-x-proto_kewb_x3" xml:lang="ine-x-proto" type="etymon">
          <orth>*kewb-</orth>
          <def>to recline, to bend</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_lat_cubitus" xml:lang="lat" type="cognate">
          <orth>cubitus</orth>
          <def>elbow, bend, arch</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_lat_cubo" xml:lang="lat" type="cognate">
          <orth>cubō</orth>
          <def>lie down, recline</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_san_supti" xml:lang="san" type="cognate">
          <orth>शुप्ति</orth>
          <form type="translit">
            <orth>śúpti</orth>
          </form>
          <def>shoulder</def>
        </item>
      </list>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_hupiz" type="noun" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hupiz">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>hupiz</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈxu.piz</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᚺᚢᛈᛁᛉ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>noun</pos>
            <gram type="gender">masculine</gram>
            <gram type="stem">i-stem</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>hip, haunch, upper part of the thigh</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">Uncertain. Most simply, from a late Proto-Indo-European <mentioned xml:lang="ine-x-proto" target="#cog_ine-x-proto_kewb_x3"><ref target="#cog_ine-x-proto_kewb_x3">*kewb-</ref></mentioned> (‘to recline’); cognate with Latin <mentioned xml:lang="lat" target="#cog_lat_cubo"><ref target="#cog_lat_cubo">cubō</ref></mentioned> (‘lie down, recline’), Latin <mentioned xml:lang="lat" target="#cog_lat_cubitus"><ref target="#cog_lat_cubitus">cubitus</ref></mentioned> (‘elbow, bend, arch’), Proto-Celtic <mentioned xml:lang="cel-x-proto" target="#cog_cel-x-proto_kuxsketi"><ref target="#cog_cel-x-proto_kuxsketi">*kuxsketi</ref></mentioned> (‘to sleep’). Compare however Proto-West Germanic *hubil (‘bump, hill’), *hump (‘hump, hunch’), Danish huv (‘hull’) and English hub, hob, all of uncertain origin. Has been compared to Proto-Germanic *huppōną (‘to hop’), for a pre-Germanic or Proto-Indo-European root “to bend”, which has been reconstructed in various ways. More at *kh₂em-, Ancient Greek <mentioned xml:lang="grc" target="#cog_grc_kubos"><ref target="#cog_grc_kubos">κύβος</ref></mentioned> (kúbos, ‘hollow in the hips’), Albanian sup (‘shoulder’), Sanskrit <mentioned xml:lang="san" target="#cog_san_supti"><ref target="#cog_san_supti">शुप्ति</ref></mentioned> (śúpti, ‘shoulder’).</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom">
              <orth>hupiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom">
              <orth>hupīz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc">
              <orth>hupį</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc">
              <orth>hupinz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen">
              <orth>hupīz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen">
              <orth>hupijǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat">
              <orth>hupī</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat">
              <orth>hupimaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr">
              <orth>hupī</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr">
              <orth>hupimiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #voc">
              <orth>hupi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #voc">
              <orth>hupīz</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*hupi</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>*hupi</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>hope, huepe</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Dutch</lang>
                        <orth>heup</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Afrikaans</lang>
                          <orth>heup</orth>
                        </form>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Negerhollands</lang>
                          <orth>hep, heep</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*hupi</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>hype</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>hippe, hip</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>English</lang>
                        <orth>hip</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Scots</lang>
                        <orth>hip</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*hupi</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Frisian</lang>
                    <orth>*hepe, *hope</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Saterland Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>Hepe</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>West Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>heupe, heup</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*hupi</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>huf</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>huf, huft</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Cimbrian</lang>
                        <orth>huff</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*hupi</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>huf</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>huf, huft</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                        <orth>hüfte</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>German</lang>
                          <orth>Hüfte</orth>
                        </form>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Luxembourgish</lang>
                          <orth>Hëft</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*hupi</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>*hupi, *hup</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>hüp, hüf, hüfte</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Danish</lang>
                        <orth>hofte</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Elfdalian</lang>
                        <orth>öft</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German Low German</lang>
                        <orth>Hüft</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Gutnish</lang>
                        <orth>höft, höift</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Plautdietsch</lang>
                        <orth>Hoft</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Swedish</lang>
                        <orth>höft</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*hupi</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>*hupi, *hup</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                      <orth>huppr</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Faroese</lang>
                        <orth>huppur</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                        <orth>huppur</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Norwegian</lang>
                        <orth>hupp</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Gothic</lang>
                  <orth>𐌷𐌿𐍀𐍃 (hups)</orth>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-Finnic</lang>
                  <orth>*kubëh</orth>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
  </text>
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