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    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *hurskaz</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-02"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_hurskaz</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <list type="cognates">
        <item xml:id="cog_ine-x-proto_kerd_x3" xml:lang="ine-x-proto" type="etymon">
          <orth>*kerd-</orth>
          <def>wise, clever, skillful</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_ine-x-proto_kers" xml:lang="ine-x-proto" type="etymon">
          <orth>*ḱers-</orth>
          <def>to run, race, speed, hurry</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_lat_curro" xml:lang="lat" type="cognate">
          <orth>currō</orth>
          <def>run</def>
        </item>
      </list>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_hurskaz" type="adj" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hurskaz">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>hurskaz</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈxur.skɑz</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᚺᚢᚱᛊᚲᚨᛉ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>adj</pos>
            <gram type="stem">a-stem</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>fast; quick; lively</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">From Proto-Indo-European <mentioned xml:lang="ine-x-proto" target="#cog_ine-x-proto_kers"><ref target="#cog_ine-x-proto_kers">*ḱers-</ref></mentioned> (‘to run, race, speed, hurry’). Cognate with Latin <mentioned xml:lang="lat" target="#cog_lat_curro"><ref target="#cog_lat_curro">currō</ref></mentioned> (‘run’).</seg>
            <seg type="p">Alternative etymology derives from Proto-Indo-European <mentioned xml:lang="ine-x-proto" target="#cog_ine-x-proto_kerd_x3"><ref target="#cog_ine-x-proto_kerd_x3">*kerd-</ref></mentioned> (‘wise, clever, skillful’).</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #masc #strong">
              <orth>hurskaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #fem #strong">
              <orth>hurskō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #neut #strong">
              <orth>hurską, -atō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #masc #strong">
              <orth>hurskai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #fem #strong">
              <orth>hurskôz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #neut #strong">
              <orth>hurskō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #masc #strong">
              <orth>hurskanǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #fem #strong">
              <orth>hurskǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #neut #strong">
              <orth>hurską, -atō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #masc #strong">
              <orth>hurskanz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #fem #strong">
              <orth>hurskōz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #neut #strong">
              <orth>hurskō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #masc #strong">
              <orth>hurskas, -is</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #fem #strong">
              <orth>hurskaizōz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #neut #strong">
              <orth>hurskas, -is</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #masc #strong">
              <orth>hurskaizǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #fem #strong">
              <orth>hurskaizǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #neut #strong">
              <orth>hurskaizǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #masc #strong">
              <orth>hurskammai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #fem #strong">
              <orth>hurskaizōi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #neut #strong">
              <orth>hurskammai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #masc #strong">
              <orth>hurskaimaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #fem #strong">
              <orth>hurskaimaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #neut #strong">
              <orth>hurskaimaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #masc #strong">
              <orth>hurskanō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #fem #strong">
              <orth>hurskaizō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #neut #strong">
              <orth>hurskanō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #masc #strong">
              <orth>hurskaimiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #fem #strong">
              <orth>hurskaimiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #neut #strong">
              <orth>hurskaimiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #masc #weak">
              <orth>hurskô</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #fem #weak">
              <orth>hurskǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #neut #weak">
              <orth>hurskô</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #masc #weak">
              <orth>hurskaniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #fem #weak">
              <orth>hurskōniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #neut #weak">
              <orth>hurskōnō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #masc #weak">
              <orth>hurskanų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #fem #weak">
              <orth>hurskōnų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #neut #weak">
              <orth>hurskô</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #masc #weak">
              <orth>hurskanunz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #fem #weak">
              <orth>hurskōnunz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #neut #weak">
              <orth>hurskōnō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #masc #weak">
              <orth>hurskiniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #fem #weak">
              <orth>hurskōniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #neut #weak">
              <orth>hurskiniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #masc #weak">
              <orth>hurskanǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #fem #weak">
              <orth>hurskōnǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #neut #weak">
              <orth>hurskanǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #masc #weak">
              <orth>hurskini</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #fem #weak">
              <orth>hurskōni</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #neut #weak">
              <orth>hurskini</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #masc #weak">
              <orth>hurskammaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #fem #weak">
              <orth>hurskōmaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #neut #weak">
              <orth>hurskammaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #masc #weak">
              <orth>hurskinē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #fem #weak">
              <orth>hurskōnē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #neut #weak">
              <orth>hurskinē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #masc #weak">
              <orth>hurskammiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #fem #weak">
              <orth>hurskōmiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #neut #weak">
              <orth>hurskammiz</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*horsk</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>horsc</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>horsċ</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Frisian</lang>
                    <orth>rosk, rosch</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>horsc, *horsk</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>horsk</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>horskr</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>horskur</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-Finnic</lang>
                  <orth>*hurskas</orth>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
  </text>
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