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  <teiHeader>
    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *hwallaz</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-02"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_hwallaz</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <list type="cognates">
        <item xml:id="cog_ine-x-proto_kwelh1" xml:lang="ine-x-proto" type="etymon">
          <orth>*kʷelh₁-</orth>
          <def>to turn, go round</def>
        </item>
      </list>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_hwallaz" type="adj" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hwallaz">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>hwallaz</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈxʷɑl.lɑz</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᚺᚹᚨᛚᚨᛉ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>adj</pos>
            <gram type="stem">a-stem</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>forward, bold, persistent</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">Uncertain. Possibly from Pre-Germanic *kʷolh₁nos, from Proto-Indo-European <mentioned xml:lang="ine-x-proto" target="#cog_ine-x-proto_kwelh1"><ref target="#cog_ine-x-proto_kwelh1">*kʷelh₁-</ref></mentioned> (‘to turn, go round’).</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #masc #strong">
              <orth>hwallaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #fem #strong">
              <orth>hwallō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #neut #strong">
              <orth>hwallą, -atō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #masc #strong">
              <orth>hwallai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #fem #strong">
              <orth>hwallôz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #neut #strong">
              <orth>hwallō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #masc #strong">
              <orth>hwallanǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #fem #strong">
              <orth>hwallǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #neut #strong">
              <orth>hwallą, -atō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #masc #strong">
              <orth>hwallanz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #fem #strong">
              <orth>hwallōz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #neut #strong">
              <orth>hwallō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #masc #strong">
              <orth>hwallas, -is</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #fem #strong">
              <orth>hwallaizōz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #neut #strong">
              <orth>hwallas, -is</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #masc #strong">
              <orth>hwallaizǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #fem #strong">
              <orth>hwallaizǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #neut #strong">
              <orth>hwallaizǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #masc #strong">
              <orth>hwallammai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #fem #strong">
              <orth>hwallaizōi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #neut #strong">
              <orth>hwallammai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #masc #strong">
              <orth>hwallaimaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #fem #strong">
              <orth>hwallaimaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #neut #strong">
              <orth>hwallaimaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #masc #strong">
              <orth>hwallanō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #fem #strong">
              <orth>hwallaizō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #neut #strong">
              <orth>hwallanō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #masc #strong">
              <orth>hwallaimiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #fem #strong">
              <orth>hwallaimiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #neut #strong">
              <orth>hwallaimiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #masc #weak">
              <orth>hwallô</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #fem #weak">
              <orth>hwallǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #neut #weak">
              <orth>hwallô</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #masc #weak">
              <orth>hwallaniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #fem #weak">
              <orth>hwallōniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #neut #weak">
              <orth>hwallōnō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #masc #weak">
              <orth>hwallanų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #fem #weak">
              <orth>hwallōnų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #neut #weak">
              <orth>hwallô</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #masc #weak">
              <orth>hwallanunz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #fem #weak">
              <orth>hwallōnunz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #neut #weak">
              <orth>hwallōnō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #masc #weak">
              <orth>hwalliniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #fem #weak">
              <orth>hwallōniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #neut #weak">
              <orth>hwalliniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #masc #weak">
              <orth>hwallanǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #fem #weak">
              <orth>hwallōnǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #neut #weak">
              <orth>hwallanǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #masc #weak">
              <orth>hwallini</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #fem #weak">
              <orth>hwallōni</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #neut #weak">
              <orth>hwallini</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #masc #weak">
              <orth>hwallammaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #fem #weak">
              <orth>hwallōmaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #neut #weak">
              <orth>hwallammaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #masc #weak">
              <orth>hwallinē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #fem #weak">
              <orth>hwallōnē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #neut #weak">
              <orth>hwallinē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #masc #weak">
              <orth>hwallammiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #fem #weak">
              <orth>hwallōmiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #neut #weak">
              <orth>hwallammiz</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old English</lang>
                  <orth>hweall</orth>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
  </text>
</TEI>
