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    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *hwar</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-01"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_hwar</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_hwar" type="adverb" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hwar">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>hwar</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈxʷɑr</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᚺᚹᚨᚱ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>adverb</pos>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>where, in what place (interrogative)</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">From *hwaz (‘what’) + *-r (‘locative suffix’).</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*hwār</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>war, wara</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>waer, war</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Limburgish</lang>
                        <orth>boe, woe, wu, wuë</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*hwār</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>war, wara</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>waer, war</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Dutch</lang>
                        <orth>waar</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Afrikaans</lang>
                          <orth>waar</orth>
                        </form>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Javindo</lang>
                          <orth>waar</orth>
                        </form>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Jersey Dutch</lang>
                          <orth>wääir</orth>
                        </form>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Negerhollands</lang>
                          <orth>waar, wa</orth>
                        </form>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Petjo</lang>
                          <orth>waar</orth>
                        </form>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Skepi Creole Dutch</lang>
                          <orth>war</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*hwār</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>hwǣr, hwār, hwēr, hwœ̄r, hwīer, wēr, wār</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>wher, where, wheir, whare, were, qwere</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>English</lang>
                        <orth>where, quhair, quhar, quher, quhere</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Scots</lang>
                        <orth>whaur</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*hwār</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Frisian</lang>
                    <orth>hwēr</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>North Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>?</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Saterland Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>wier</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>West Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>wêr</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*hwār</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>hwār, wār</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>wār, wā, wō</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Alemannic German</lang>
                        <orth>warr</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Bavarian</lang>
                        <orth>?</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German</lang>
                        <orth>wo</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Hunsrik</lang>
                        <orth>wo</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Luxembourgish</lang>
                        <orth>wou</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*hwār</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>hwār, hwar</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>wār, wōr</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Low German</lang>
                        <orth>war, wor</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>German Low German</lang>
                          <orth>waar</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>hvar</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Faroese</lang>
                    <orth>hvar</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Gutnish</lang>
                    <orth>var</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>hvar</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>hvar</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Danish</lang>
                    <orth>hvor</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Norwegian Bokmål</lang>
                      <orth>hvor</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>hvar</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian Nynorsk</lang>
                    <orth>kvar, kor</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Russenorsk</lang>
                      <orth>kor</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>hvar</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Swedish</lang>
                    <orth>hvar, hwor</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Swedish</lang>
                      <orth>var, hvar, hôr</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Gothic</lang>
                  <orth>𐍈𐌰𐍂 (ƕar)</orth>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
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