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    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *hwarbōną</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-01"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_hwarbōną</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_hwarbona" type="verb" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hwarbōną">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>hwarbōną</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈxʷɑr.βɔː.nɑ̃</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᚺᚹᚨᚱᛒᛟᚾᚨ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>verb</pos>
            <gram type="class">Weak class 2</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>to turn</def>
          </sense>
          <sense n="2">
            <def>to move</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">From *hwarbą, *hwarbaz + *-ōną, the former terms from *hwerbaną (‘to turn, move’).</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>hwarbō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>hwarbǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #sg">
              <orth>hwarbōi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>hwarbōsi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>hwarbōs</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>hwarbō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>hwarbōsai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>hwarbōsau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>hwarbōþi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>hwarbō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>hwarbōþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>hwarbōþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>hwarbōþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>hwarbōs</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>hwarbōw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>hwarbōþiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>hwarbōþiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>hwarbōþiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>hwarbōmaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>hwarbōm</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>hwarbōnþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>hwarbōnþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>hwarbōþ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>hwarbōþ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>hwarbōþ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>hwarbōnþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>hwarbōnþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>hwarbōnþi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>hwarbōn</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>hwarbōnþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>hwarbōnþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>hwarbōnþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #sg">
              <orth>hwarbōdǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #sg">
              <orth>hwarbōdēdį̄</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #sg">
              <orth>hwarbōdēz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #sg">
              <orth>hwarbōdēdīz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #sg">
              <orth>hwarbōdē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #sg">
              <orth>hwarbōdēdī</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #du">
              <orth>hwarbōdēdū</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #du">
              <orth>hwarbōdēdīw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #du">
              <orth>hwarbōdēdudiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #du">
              <orth>hwarbōdēdīdiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #pl">
              <orth>hwarbōdēdum</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #pl">
              <orth>hwarbōdēdīm</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #pl">
              <orth>hwarbōdēdud</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #pl">
              <orth>hwarbōdēdīd</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #pl">
              <orth>hwarbōdēdun</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #pl">
              <orth>hwarbōdēdīn</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="present">
              <orth>hwarbōndz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="past">
              <orth>hwarbōdaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="infinitive">
              <orth>hwarbōną</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*hwarbōn</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>warbōn</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*hwarbōn</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>*warvon</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>warven, waerven</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*hwarbōn</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>hwearfian</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>wharven</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>English</lang>
                        <orth>wharve</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Scots</lang>
                        <orth>wharve</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*hwarbōn</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>hwarvōn</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>warven</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German Low German</lang>
                        <orth>warven</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>hvarfa</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Swedish</lang>
                    <orth>varva</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Gothic</lang>
                  <orth>𐍈𐌰𐍂𐌱𐍉𐌽 (ƕarbōn)</orth>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
  </text>
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