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    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *hweraz</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-02"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_hweraz</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <list type="cognates">
        <item xml:id="cog_cym_pair" xml:lang="cym" type="cognate">
          <orth>pair</orth>
          <def>cauldron</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_san_caru" xml:lang="san" type="cognate">
          <orth>चरु</orth>
          <form type="translit">
            <orth>carú</orth>
          </form>
          <def>bowl</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_sga_coire" xml:lang="sga" type="cognate">
          <orth>coire</orth>
          <def>kettle</def>
        </item>
      </list>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_hweraz" type="noun" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hweraz">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>hweraz</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈxwe.rɑz</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᚺᚹᛖᚱᚨᛉ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>noun</pos>
            <gram type="gender">masculine</gram>
            <gram type="stem">a-stem</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>kettle</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">From Proto-Indo-European *kʷer-, *kʷern- (‘bowl, vessel’). Cognate with Welsh <mentioned xml:lang="cym" target="#cog_cym_pair"><ref target="#cog_cym_pair">pair</ref></mentioned> (‘cauldron’), Old Irish <mentioned xml:lang="sga" target="#cog_sga_coire"><ref target="#cog_sga_coire">coire</ref></mentioned> (‘kettle’), Russian ча́ра (čára, ‘bowl’), Sanskrit <mentioned xml:lang="san" target="#cog_san_caru"><ref target="#cog_san_caru">चरु</ref></mentioned> (carú, ‘bowl’).</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom">
              <orth>hweraz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom">
              <orth>hwerōz, hwerōs</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc">
              <orth>hwerą</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc">
              <orth>hweranz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen">
              <orth>hweras, hwiris</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen">
              <orth>hwerǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat">
              <orth>hwerai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat">
              <orth>hweramaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr">
              <orth>hwerō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr">
              <orth>hweramiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #voc">
              <orth>hwer</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #voc">
              <orth>hwerōz, hwerōs</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*hwer</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>hwer, wer</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*hwer</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>hwer</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>hwer, wher</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>hverr</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>hver</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
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