<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?>
<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xml:lang="en" version="4.12.0">
  <teiHeader>
    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *hwīlō</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-01"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_hwīlō</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_hwilo" type="noun" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hwīlō">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>hwīlō</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈxʷiː.lɔː</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᚺᚹᛁᛚᛟ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>noun</pos>
            <gram type="gender">feminine</gram>
            <gram type="stem">ō-stem</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>time, period of time, while</def>
          </sense>
          <sense n="2">
            <def>period of rest, break, pause</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">From Proto-Indo-European *kʷih₁-tléh₂, from *kʷyeh₁- (‘to rest’). Zero-grade plus instrument suffix see Kroonen 2017</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom">
              <orth>hwīlō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom">
              <orth>hwīlôz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc">
              <orth>hwīlǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc">
              <orth>hwīlōz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen">
              <orth>hwīlōz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen">
              <orth>hwīlǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat">
              <orth>hwīlōi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat">
              <orth>hwīlōmaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr">
              <orth>hwīlō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr">
              <orth>hwīlōmiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #voc">
              <orth>hwīlō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #voc">
              <orth>hwīlôz</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*hwīlu</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>wīla</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>wile</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Limburgish</lang>
                        <orth>wiel</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*hwīlu</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>wīla</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>wile</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Dutch</lang>
                        <orth>wijl</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Afrikaans</lang>
                          <orth>wyl</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*hwīlu</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>hwīl, huīl</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>whyle, while, hwile, qhyle, wile</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>English</lang>
                        <orth>while</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Scots</lang>
                        <orth>while</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Yola</lang>
                        <orth>while</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*hwīlu</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Frisian</lang>
                    <orth>hwīle</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>West Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>wile</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*hwīlu</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>wīla, hwīla</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>wīle</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Bavarian</lang>
                        <orth>Wäu, Wei, Weil</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Cimbrian</lang>
                        <orth>baille, baila</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German</lang>
                        <orth>Weile, weil</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Yiddish</lang>
                        <orth>ווײַלע (vayle)</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*hwīlu</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>wīla, hwīla</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Old Czech</lang>
                      <orth>chvíle, chvíľe</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Czech</lang>
                        <orth>chvíle</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*hwīlu</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>wīla, hwīla</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Old Polish</lang>
                      <orth>chwila, fila</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Silesian</lang>
                        <orth>chwila</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*hwīlu</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>wīla, hwīla</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Old Polish</lang>
                      <orth>chwila, fila</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Polish</lang>
                        <orth>chwila, chfila, chwiła</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Belarusian</lang>
                          <orth>хві́ля (xvílja)</orth>
                        </form>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Kashubian</lang>
                          <orth>chwila</orth>
                        </form>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Ukrainian</lang>
                          <orth>хви́ля (xvýlja)</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*hwīlu</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>wīla, hwīla</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Old Slovak</lang>
                      <orth>chvíľa, chvieľa</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Pannonian Rusyn</lang>
                        <orth>хвиля (xvilja)</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Slovak</lang>
                        <orth>chvíľa</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*hwīlu</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>hwīla</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>wīle</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German Low German</lang>
                        <orth>Wiel</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>hvíla</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Faroese</lang>
                    <orth>hvíla</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>hvíla</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>hvíla</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Danish</lang>
                    <orth>hvile</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Norwegian Bokmål</lang>
                      <orth>hvile</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>hvíla</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian Nynorsk</lang>
                    <orth>kvila</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Norwegian Bokmål</lang>
                      <orth>kvile</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>hvíla</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Swedish</lang>
                    <orth>hvīla</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Finnish</lang>
                      <orth>huilata</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Swedish</lang>
                      <orth>vila</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Gothic</lang>
                  <orth>𐍈𐌴𐌹𐌻𐌰 (ƕeila)</orth>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
  </text>
</TEI>
