<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?>
<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xml:lang="en" version="4.12.0">
  <teiHeader>
    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *hē₂r</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-01"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_hē2r</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <list type="cognates">
        <item xml:id="cog_ine-x-proto_keh1" xml:lang="ine-x-proto" type="etymon">
          <orth>*ḱéh₁</orth>
          <def>in this way; here, there</def>
        </item>
      </list>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_he2r" type="adverb" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hē₂r">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>hē₂r</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈxeːr</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᚺᛖᚱ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>adverb</pos>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>here, in this place</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">From *hiz (‘this’) + *-r (‘locative suffix’). There is compensatory lengthening of the vowel after loss of /z/ before /r/ by rhotacism, but the origin of the e₂-vowel is not known.</seg>
            <seg type="p">Dunkel tentatively derives from Proto-Indo-European <mentioned xml:lang="ine-x-proto" target="#cog_ine-x-proto_keh1"><ref target="#cog_ine-x-proto_keh1">*ḱéh₁</ref></mentioned> (‘in this way; here, there’) (as in Lesbian Greek κῆ (kê, ‘there’)) + *-r.</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*hēr</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>hiera, hier</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>hier</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Limburgish</lang>
                        <orth>hier, hie, heej</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*hēr</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>hiera, hier</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>hier</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Dutch</lang>
                        <orth>hier, her</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Afrikaans</lang>
                          <orth>hier</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*hēr</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>hēr, ᚻᛖᚱ (her)</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>her, here, heer</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>English</lang>
                        <orth>here</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Scots</lang>
                        <orth>her, here</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*hēr</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Frisian</lang>
                    <orth>hīr</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Saterland Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>hier</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>West Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>hjir</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*hēr</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>hie, hier</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>hie</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Alemannic German</lang>
                        <orth>hie</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Bavarian</lang>
                        <orth>hia</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Central Franconian</lang>
                        <orth>hee, hie</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German</lang>
                        <orth>hie</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Luxembourgish</lang>
                        <orth>hei</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*hēr</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>hie, hier</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>hier</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German</lang>
                        <orth>hier</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*hēr</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>hēr, hīr</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>hêr, hîr, hîre</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Low German</lang>
                        <orth>hier</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Plautdietsch</lang>
                        <orth>hia, häa</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>hér</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Danish</lang>
                    <orth>her</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Elfdalian</lang>
                    <orth>jär</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Faroese</lang>
                    <orth>her</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Gutnish</lang>
                    <orth>hjär, hjä</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>hér</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian</lang>
                    <orth>her</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>hér</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Swedish</lang>
                    <orth>hær, hiær</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Swedish</lang>
                      <orth>här, héer, hera</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Gothic</lang>
                  <orth>𐌷𐌴𐍂 (hēr)</orth>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
  </text>
</TEI>
