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    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *hōfaz</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-01"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_hōfaz</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <list type="cognates">
        <item xml:id="cog_ave_safa" xml:lang="ave" type="cognate">
          <orth>𐬯𐬀𐬟𐬀</orth>
          <form type="translit">
            <orth>safa</orth>
          </form>
          <def>hoof</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_san_sapha" xml:lang="san" type="cognate">
          <orth>शफ</orth>
          <form type="translit">
            <orth>śaphá</orth>
          </form>
        </item>
      </list>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_hofaz" type="noun" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hōfaz">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>hōfaz</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈxɔː.ɸɑz</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᚺᛟᚠᚨᛉ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>noun</pos>
            <gram type="gender">masculine</gram>
            <gram type="stem">a-stem</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>hoof</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">From Pre-Germanic *kōpós, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱoph₂ós. Cognate with Sanskrit <mentioned xml:lang="san" target="#cog_san_sapha"><ref target="#cog_san_sapha">शफ</ref></mentioned> (śaphá), Avestan <mentioned xml:lang="ave" target="#cog_ave_safa"><ref target="#cog_ave_safa">𐬯𐬀𐬟𐬀</ref></mentioned> (safa).</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom">
              <orth>hōfaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom">
              <orth>hōfōz, hōfōs</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc">
              <orth>hōfą</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc">
              <orth>hōfanz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen">
              <orth>hōfas, hōfis</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen">
              <orth>hōfǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat">
              <orth>hōfai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat">
              <orth>hōfamaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr">
              <orth>hōfō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr">
              <orth>hōfamiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #voc">
              <orth>hōf</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #voc">
              <orth>hōfōz, hōfōs</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old English</lang>
                  <orth>hōf</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Middle English</lang>
                    <orth>hof, hoof, hufe</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>English</lang>
                      <orth>hoof</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Scots</lang>
                      <orth>hufe, huif</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Frisian</lang>
                  <orth>hōf</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Saterland Frisian</lang>
                    <orth>Houf, Houch</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>West Frisian</lang>
                    <orth>hoef</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                  <orth>hōf</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                    <orth>hōf, höf</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                  <orth>*huof</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>hoef</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>hoef</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Afrikaans</lang>
                        <orth>hoef</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old High German</lang>
                  <orth>huof</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                    <orth>huof</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>German</lang>
                      <orth>Huf</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Luxembourgish</lang>
                      <orth>Houf</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Vilamovian</lang>
                      <orth>hüf</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>hófr</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Danish</lang>
                    <orth>hov</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Faroese</lang>
                    <orth>hógvur, hóvur</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>hófur</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian</lang>
                    <orth>hov</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Scanian</lang>
                    <orth>how</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>hófr</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Swedish</lang>
                    <orth>hōv, hōf, hōver</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Swedish</lang>
                      <orth>hov</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
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