<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?>
<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xml:lang="en" version="4.12.0">
  <teiHeader>
    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *hūdijaną</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-01"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_hūdijaną</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <list type="cognates">
        <item xml:id="cog_cym_cuddio" xml:lang="cym" type="cognate">
          <orth>cuddio</orth>
          <def>hide</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_grc_keutho" xml:lang="grc" type="cognate">
          <orth>κεύθω</orth>
          <form type="translit">
            <orth>keúthō</orth>
          </form>
          <def>to conceal</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_lat_custos" xml:lang="lat" type="cognate">
          <orth>cū̆stōs</orth>
          <def>guard, protector</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_ine-x-proto_s_kewdh" xml:lang="ine-x-proto" type="etymon">
          <orth>*(s)kewdʰ-</orth>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_ine-x-proto_s_kewh" xml:lang="ine-x-proto" type="etymon">
          <orth>*(s)kewH-</orth>
        </item>
      </list>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_hudijana" type="verb" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hūdijaną">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>hūdijaną</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈxuː.ði.jɑ.nɑ̃</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᚺᚢᛞᛁᛃᚨᚾᚨ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>verb</pos>
            <gram type="class">Weak class 1</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>to hide, conceal</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">From Proto-Indo-European <mentioned xml:lang="ine-x-proto" target="#cog_ine-x-proto_s_kewdh"><ref target="#cog_ine-x-proto_s_kewdh">*(s)kewdʰ-</ref></mentioned> (‘to cover, encase’), from Proto-Indo-European <mentioned xml:lang="ine-x-proto" target="#cog_ine-x-proto_s_kewh"><ref target="#cog_ine-x-proto_s_kewh">*(s)kewH-</ref></mentioned> (‘to hide, wrap up, conceal’). Cognate with Welsh <mentioned xml:lang="cym" target="#cog_cym_cuddio"><ref target="#cog_cym_cuddio">cuddio</ref></mentioned> (‘hide’), Latin <mentioned xml:lang="lat" target="#cog_lat_custos"><ref target="#cog_lat_custos">cū̆stōs</ref></mentioned> (‘guard, protector’), Ancient Greek <mentioned xml:lang="grc" target="#cog_grc_keutho"><ref target="#cog_grc_keutho">κεύθω</ref></mentioned> (keúthō, ‘to conceal’).</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>hūdijō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>hūdijaų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #sg">
              <orth>hūdijai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>hūdīsi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>hūdijais</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>hūdī</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>hūdijasai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>hūdijaisau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>hūdīþi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>hūdijai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>hūdijaþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>hūdijaþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>hūdijaiþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>hūdijōs</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>hūdijaiw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>hūdijaþiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>hūdijaiþiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>hūdijaþiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>hūdijamaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>hūdijaim</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>hūdijanþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>hūdijainþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>hūdīþ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>hūdijaiþ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>hūdīþ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>hūdijanþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>hūdijainþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>hūdijanþi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>hūdijain</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>hūdijanþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>hūdijanþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>hūdijainþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #sg">
              <orth>hūdidǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #sg">
              <orth>hūdidēdį̄</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #sg">
              <orth>hūdidēz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #sg">
              <orth>hūdidēdīz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #sg">
              <orth>hūdidē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #sg">
              <orth>hūdidēdī</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #du">
              <orth>hūdidēdū</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #du">
              <orth>hūdidēdīw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #du">
              <orth>hūdidēdudiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #du">
              <orth>hūdidēdīdiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #pl">
              <orth>hūdidēdum</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #pl">
              <orth>hūdidēdīm</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #pl">
              <orth>hūdidēdud</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #pl">
              <orth>hūdidēdīd</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #pl">
              <orth>hūdidēdun</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #pl">
              <orth>hūdidēdīn</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="present">
              <orth>hūdijandz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="past">
              <orth>hūdidaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="infinitive">
              <orth>hūdijaną</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*hūdijan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Frisian</lang>
                    <orth>hūda, hēda</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*hūdijan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>*hūden</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>huden</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Dutch</lang>
                        <orth>huiden</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*hūdijan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>hȳdan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>huden, hyden, hiden</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>English</lang>
                        <orth>hide</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Scots</lang>
                        <orth>hide, hyde</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*hūdijan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>*hūdian</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>hü̂den</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Low German</lang>
                        <orth>hüden, verhüden</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
  </text>
</TEI>
