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    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *hūdiz</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-01"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_hūdiz</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <list type="cognates">
        <item xml:id="cog_ine-x-proto_kewhtis" xml:lang="ine-x-proto" type="etymon">
          <orth>*kéwHtis</orth>
          <def>bedecking, hide, skin</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_lat_cutis" xml:lang="lat" type="cognate">
          <orth>cutis</orth>
          <def>skin</def>
        </item>
      </list>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_hudiz" type="noun" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hūdiz">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>hūdiz</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈxuː.ðiz</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᚺᚢᛞᛁᛉ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>noun</pos>
            <gram type="gender">feminine</gram>
            <gram type="stem">i-stem</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>skin, hide</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">From Proto-Indo-European <mentioned xml:lang="ine-x-proto" target="#cog_ine-x-proto_kewhtis"><ref target="#cog_ine-x-proto_kewhtis">*kéwHtis</ref></mentioned> (‘bedecking, hide, skin’), and cognate with Latin <mentioned xml:lang="lat" target="#cog_lat_cutis"><ref target="#cog_lat_cutis">cutis</ref></mentioned> (‘skin’). The root is probably further derived from *(s)kewH- (‘to cover, hide’).</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom">
              <orth>hūdiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom">
              <orth>hūdīz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc">
              <orth>hūdį</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc">
              <orth>hūdinz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen">
              <orth>hūdīz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen">
              <orth>hūdijǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat">
              <orth>hūdī</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat">
              <orth>hūdimaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr">
              <orth>hūdī</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr">
              <orth>hūdimiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #voc">
              <orth>hūdi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #voc">
              <orth>hūdīz</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*hūdi</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>hūt</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>huut</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Dutch</lang>
                        <orth>huid</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Afrikaans</lang>
                          <orth>huid</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*hūdi</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>hȳd</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>hyde, hyd, hide, hid, hude, huyde, huide</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>English</lang>
                        <orth>hide</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Scots</lang>
                        <orth>hide, hyde</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*hūdi</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Frisian</lang>
                    <orth>hūd, hēd, hēde</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>North Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>heed</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Saterland Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>Häid</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>West Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>hûd</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*hūdi</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>hūt</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>hūt</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Alemannic German</lang>
                        <orth>Hutt</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Central Franconian</lang>
                        <orth>Hock, Hout, Huut, Huck</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Cimbrian</lang>
                        <orth>haut</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German</lang>
                        <orth>Haut</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Luxembourgish</lang>
                        <orth>Haut</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Yiddish</lang>
                        <orth>הויט (hoyt)</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*hūdi</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>hūd</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>hūt</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Low German</lang>
                        <orth>Huud, Huut</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Plautdietsch</lang>
                        <orth>Hut</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>húð</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Danish</lang>
                    <orth>hud</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Faroese</lang>
                    <orth>húð</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>húð</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian</lang>
                    <orth>hud</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>húð</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Swedish</lang>
                    <orth>hūþ</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Swedish</lang>
                      <orth>hud</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-Finnic</lang>
                  <orth>*huudëh</orth>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
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