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  <teiHeader>
    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *hūkaną</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-02"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_hūkaną</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_hukana" type="verb" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hūkaną">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>hūkaną</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈxuː.kɑ.nɑ̃</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᚺᚢᚲᚨᚾᚨ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>verb</pos>
            <gram type="class">Strong class 2</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>to squat</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">From an earlier *hūkkaną, itself back-formed from *hukkōną (‘to squat, sit hunched, cower’).</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>hūkō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>hūkaų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #sg">
              <orth>hūkai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>hūkizi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>hūkaiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>hūk</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>hūkazai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>hūkaizau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>hūkidi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>hūkai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>hūkadau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>hūkadai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>hūkaidau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>hūkōz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>hūkaiw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>hūkadiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>hūkaidiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>hūkadiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>hūkamaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>hūkaim</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>hūkandai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>hūkaindau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>hūkid</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>hūkaid</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>hūkid</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>hūkandai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>hūkaindau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>hūkandi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>hūkain</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>hūkandau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>hūkandai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>hūkaindau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #sg">
              <orth>hauk</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #sg">
              <orth>hukį̄</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #sg">
              <orth>hauht</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #sg">
              <orth>hukīz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #sg">
              <orth>hauk</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #sg">
              <orth>hukī</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #du">
              <orth>hukū</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #du">
              <orth>hukīw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #du">
              <orth>hukudiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #du">
              <orth>hukīdiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #pl">
              <orth>hukum</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #pl">
              <orth>hukīm</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #pl">
              <orth>hukud</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #pl">
              <orth>hukīd</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #pl">
              <orth>hukun</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #pl">
              <orth>hukīn</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="present">
              <orth>hūkandz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="past">
              <orth>hukanaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="infinitive">
              <orth>hūkaną</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*hūkan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Westphalian</lang>
                    <orth>hûken</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*hūkan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>*hūkan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>hūken</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Dutch</lang>
                        <orth>huiken</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*hūkan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>hūhhan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>hūchen</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>húka</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Faroese</lang>
                    <orth>húka</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Swedish</lang>
                    <orth>húka</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
  </text>
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