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    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *irzijaz</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-01"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_irzijaz</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <list type="cognates">
        <item xml:id="cog_ine-x-proto_h1ers" xml:lang="ine-x-proto" type="etymon">
          <orth>*h₁ers-</orth>
          <def>to flow, wander, waver</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_lat_erro" xml:lang="lat" type="cognate">
          <orth>errō</orth>
          <def>to wander, roam, stray, lose one's way</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_lit_arsus" xml:lang="lit" type="cognate">
          <orth>aršùs</orth>
          <def>fierce</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_lit_isirsti" xml:lang="lit" type="cognate">
          <orth>įširsti</orth>
          <def>to become angry, fly into passion</def>
        </item>
      </list>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_irzijaz" type="adj" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/irzijaz">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>irzijaz</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈir.zi.jɑz</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᛁᚱᛉᛁᛃᚨᛉ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>adj</pos>
            <gram type="stem">ja-stem</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>bewildered, crazy, confused, lost</def>
          </sense>
          <sense n="2">
            <def>erring, wrong, erroneous</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">From Proto-Indo-European <mentioned xml:lang="ine-x-proto" target="#cog_ine-x-proto_h1ers"><ref target="#cog_ine-x-proto_h1ers">*h₁ers-</ref></mentioned> (‘to flow, wander, waver’). Cognate with Latin <mentioned xml:lang="lat" target="#cog_lat_erro"><ref target="#cog_lat_erro">errō</ref></mentioned> (‘to wander, roam, stray, lose one's way’), Lithuanian <mentioned xml:lang="lit" target="#cog_lit_isirsti"><ref target="#cog_lit_isirsti">įširsti</ref></mentioned> (‘to become angry, fly into passion’), Lithuanian <mentioned xml:lang="lit" target="#cog_lit_arsus"><ref target="#cog_lit_arsus">aršùs</ref></mentioned> (‘fierce’).</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #masc #strong">
              <orth>irzijaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #fem #strong">
              <orth>irzijō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #neut #strong">
              <orth>irziją, -at, -atō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #masc #strong">
              <orth>irzijai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #fem #strong">
              <orth>irzijôz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #neut #strong">
              <orth>irzijō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #masc #strong">
              <orth>irzijanǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #fem #strong">
              <orth>irzijǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #neut #strong">
              <orth>irziją, -at, -atō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #masc #strong">
              <orth>irzijanz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #fem #strong">
              <orth>irzijōz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #neut #strong">
              <orth>irzijō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #masc #strong">
              <orth>irzijas, irzīs</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #fem #strong">
              <orth>irzijaizōz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #neut #strong">
              <orth>irzijas, irzīs</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #masc #strong">
              <orth>irzijaizǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #fem #strong">
              <orth>irzijaizǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #neut #strong">
              <orth>irzijaizǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #masc #strong">
              <orth>irzijammai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #fem #strong">
              <orth>irzijaizōi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #neut #strong">
              <orth>irzijammai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #masc #strong">
              <orth>irzijaimaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #fem #strong">
              <orth>irzijaimaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #neut #strong">
              <orth>irzijaimaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #masc #strong">
              <orth>irzijanō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #fem #strong">
              <orth>irzijaizō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #neut #strong">
              <orth>irzijanō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #masc #strong">
              <orth>irzijaimiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #fem #strong">
              <orth>irzijaimiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #neut #strong">
              <orth>irzijaimiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #masc #weak">
              <orth>irzijô</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #fem #weak">
              <orth>irzijǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #neut #weak">
              <orth>irzijô</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #masc #weak">
              <orth>irzijaniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #fem #weak">
              <orth>irzijōniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #neut #weak">
              <orth>irzijōnō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #masc #weak">
              <orth>irzijanų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #fem #weak">
              <orth>irzijōnų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #neut #weak">
              <orth>irzijô</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #masc #weak">
              <orth>irzijanunz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #fem #weak">
              <orth>irzijōnunz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #neut #weak">
              <orth>irzijōnō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #masc #weak">
              <orth>irzīniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #fem #weak">
              <orth>irzijōniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #neut #weak">
              <orth>irzīniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #masc #weak">
              <orth>irzijanǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #fem #weak">
              <orth>irzijōnǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #neut #weak">
              <orth>irzijanǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #masc #weak">
              <orth>irzīni</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #fem #weak">
              <orth>irzijōni</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #neut #weak">
              <orth>irzīni</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #masc #weak">
              <orth>irzijammaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #fem #weak">
              <orth>irzijōmaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #neut #weak">
              <orth>irzijammaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #masc #weak">
              <orth>irzīnē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #fem #weak">
              <orth>irzijōnē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #neut #weak">
              <orth>irzīnē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #masc #weak">
              <orth>irzijammiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #fem #weak">
              <orth>irzijōmiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #neut #weak">
              <orth>irzijammiz</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*irʀī</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>*erri, *irri</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>erre, irre, arre</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Dutch</lang>
                        <orth>ar</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*irʀī</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>eorre, ierre, yrre</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>eorre, erre, irre</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*irʀī</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Frisian</lang>
                    <orth>irre, īre</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Saterland Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>íer</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*irʀī</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>*erri, irri</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>ërre, irre</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German</lang>
                        <orth>irre</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*irʀī</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>*erri, irri</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>erre, irre</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Gothic</lang>
                  <orth>𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌶𐌴𐌹𐍃 (airzeis)</orth>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
  </text>
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