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  <teiHeader>
    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *irþīnaz</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-01"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_irþīnaz</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_irthinaz" type="adj" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/irþīnaz">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>irþīnaz</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈir.θiː.nɑz</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᛁᚱᚦᛁᚾᚨᛉ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>adj</pos>
            <gram type="stem">a-stem</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>earthen, made of earth</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">From *erþō + *-īnaz.</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #masc #strong">
              <orth>irþīnaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #fem #strong">
              <orth>irþīnō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #neut #strong">
              <orth>irþīną, -atō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #masc #strong">
              <orth>irþīnai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #fem #strong">
              <orth>irþīnôz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #neut #strong">
              <orth>irþīnō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #masc #strong">
              <orth>irþīnanǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #fem #strong">
              <orth>irþīnǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #neut #strong">
              <orth>irþīną, -atō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #masc #strong">
              <orth>irþīnanz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #fem #strong">
              <orth>irþīnōz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #neut #strong">
              <orth>irþīnō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #masc #strong">
              <orth>irþīnas, -is</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #fem #strong">
              <orth>irþīnaizōz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #neut #strong">
              <orth>irþīnas, -is</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #masc #strong">
              <orth>irþīnaizǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #fem #strong">
              <orth>irþīnaizǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #neut #strong">
              <orth>irþīnaizǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #masc #strong">
              <orth>irþīnammai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #fem #strong">
              <orth>irþīnaizōi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #neut #strong">
              <orth>irþīnammai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #masc #strong">
              <orth>irþīnaimaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #fem #strong">
              <orth>irþīnaimaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #neut #strong">
              <orth>irþīnaimaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #masc #strong">
              <orth>irþīnanō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #fem #strong">
              <orth>irþīnaizō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #neut #strong">
              <orth>irþīnanō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #masc #strong">
              <orth>irþīnaimiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #fem #strong">
              <orth>irþīnaimiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #neut #strong">
              <orth>irþīnaimiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #masc #weak">
              <orth>irþīnô</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #fem #weak">
              <orth>irþīnǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #neut #weak">
              <orth>irþīnô</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #masc #weak">
              <orth>irþīnaniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #fem #weak">
              <orth>irþīnōniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #neut #weak">
              <orth>irþīnōnō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #masc #weak">
              <orth>irþīnanų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #fem #weak">
              <orth>irþīnōnų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #neut #weak">
              <orth>irþīnô</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #masc #weak">
              <orth>irþīnanunz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #fem #weak">
              <orth>irþīnōnunz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #neut #weak">
              <orth>irþīnōnō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #masc #weak">
              <orth>irþīniniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #fem #weak">
              <orth>irþīnōniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #neut #weak">
              <orth>irþīniniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #masc #weak">
              <orth>irþīnanǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #fem #weak">
              <orth>irþīnōnǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #neut #weak">
              <orth>irþīnanǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #masc #weak">
              <orth>irþīnini</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #fem #weak">
              <orth>irþīnōni</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #neut #weak">
              <orth>irþīnini</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #masc #weak">
              <orth>irþīnammaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #fem #weak">
              <orth>irþīnōmaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #neut #weak">
              <orth>irþīnammaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #masc #weak">
              <orth>irþīninē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #fem #weak">
              <orth>irþīnōnē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #neut #weak">
              <orth>irþīninē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #masc #weak">
              <orth>irþīnammiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #fem #weak">
              <orth>irþīnōmiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #neut #weak">
              <orth>irþīnammiz</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*irþīn</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>*irthīn</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>erdijn</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Dutch</lang>
                        <orth>aarden</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*irþīn</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>eorþen, *yrþen</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>erthen, erthene, erthin, erthyn, erþen, erþene, urþen, eorðen</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>English</lang>
                        <orth>earthen</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Scots</lang>
                        <orth>erthen</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*irþīn</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Frisian</lang>
                    <orth>*erthen, *irthen</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>West Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>ierden</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*irþīn</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>irdīn, erdīn</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>irdīn, erdīn</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German</lang>
                        <orth>irden, erden</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*irþīn</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>*irthīn</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>erden, ērden</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German Low German</lang>
                        <orth>eerden</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Gothic</lang>
                  <orth>𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌸𐌴𐌹𐌽𐍃 (airþeins)</orth>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
  </text>
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