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    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *jaatjaną</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-01"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_jaatjaną</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_jaatjana" type="verb" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/jaatjaną">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>jaatjaną</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈjɑ.xɑt.jɑ.nɑ̃</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᛃᚨᛏᛃᚨᚾᚨ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>verb</pos>
            <gram type="class">Weak class 1</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>to say ‘yes’, assent (to), consent, confirm, grant</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">From *ja (‘yes’) + *-atjaną.</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>jaatjō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>jaatjaų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #sg">
              <orth>jaatjai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>jaatisi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>jaatjais</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>jaati</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>jaatjasai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>jaatjaisau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>jaatiþi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>jaatjai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>jaatjaþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>jaatjaþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>jaatjaiþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>jaatjōs</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>jaatjaiw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>jaatjaþiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>jaatjaiþiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>jaatjaþiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>jaatjamaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>jaatjaim</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>jaatjanþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>jaatjainþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>jaatiþ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>jaatjaiþ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>jaatiþ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>jaatjanþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>jaatjainþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>jaatjanþi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>jaatjain</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>jaatjanþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>jaatjanþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>jaatjainþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #sg">
              <orth>jaastǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #sg">
              <orth>jaastēdį̄</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #sg">
              <orth>jaastēz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #sg">
              <orth>jaastēdīz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #sg">
              <orth>jaastē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #sg">
              <orth>jaastēdī</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #du">
              <orth>jaastēdū</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #du">
              <orth>jaastēdīw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #du">
              <orth>jaastēdudiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #du">
              <orth>jaastēdīdiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #pl">
              <orth>jaastēdum</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #pl">
              <orth>jaastēdīm</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #pl">
              <orth>jaastēdud</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #pl">
              <orth>jaastēdīd</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #pl">
              <orth>jaastēdun</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #pl">
              <orth>jaastēdīn</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="present">
              <orth>jaatjandz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="past">
              <orth>jaatidaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="infinitive">
              <orth>jaatjaną</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*jaattjan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>*jāetten, *jātten, *jāten</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>jaet</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*jaattjan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>ġēatan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>ȝeaten, ȝaten, yeten</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*jaattjan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Frisian</lang>
                    <orth>gēta, gāta</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Saterland Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>bijeedje</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>West Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>itigje, ytsje</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*jaattjan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>jāezzen, jāzen</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Old High German</lang>
                      <orth>gijāezzen, gijāzen</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*jaattjan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>jāezzen, jāzen</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>jāzen</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                        <orth>bejāzen, verjāzen, verjāgen</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*jāttjan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>*jāetten, *jātten, *jāten</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>jaet</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*jāttjan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>ġēatan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>ȝeaten, ȝaten, yeten</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*jāttjan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Frisian</lang>
                    <orth>gēta, gāta</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Saterland Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>bijeedje</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>West Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>itigje, ytsje</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*jāttjan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>jāezzen, jāzen</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Old High German</lang>
                      <orth>gijāezzen, gijāzen</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*jāttjan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>jāezzen, jāzen</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>jāzen</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                        <orth>bejāzen, verjāzen, verjāgen</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>játa</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Faroese</lang>
                    <orth>játta</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>játa</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian Nynorsk</lang>
                    <orth>jata, jatta</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Swedish</lang>
                    <orth>iǣt(t)a, iāt(t)a</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>játa</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Danish</lang>
                    <orth>jate</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Danish</lang>
                      <orth>jætte, jatte, forjætte</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Norwegian Bokmål</lang>
                        <orth>jatte, forjette</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>játta</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Faroese</lang>
                    <orth>játta</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>játa</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian Nynorsk</lang>
                    <orth>jata, jatta</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Swedish</lang>
                    <orth>iǣt(t)a, iāt(t)a</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>játta</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Danish</lang>
                    <orth>jate</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Danish</lang>
                      <orth>jætte, jatte, forjætte</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Norwegian Bokmål</lang>
                        <orth>jatte, forjette</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
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