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    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *kagô</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-02"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_kagô</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <list type="cognates">
        <item xml:id="cog_lav_zagari" xml:lang="lav" type="cognate">
          <orth>žagari</orth>
          <def>shrubs</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_lit_zagaras" xml:lang="lit" type="cognate">
          <orth>žãgaras</orth>
          <def>twig</def>
        </item>
      </list>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_kago" type="noun" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/kagô">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>kagô</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈkɑ.ɣɔːː</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᚲᚨᚷᛟ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>noun</pos>
            <gram type="gender">masculine</gram>
            <gram type="stem">an-stem</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>bush</def>
          </sense>
          <sense n="2">
            <def>stalk, stem</def>
          </sense>
          <sense n="3">
            <def>treestump</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">Of uncertain origin. Kroonen proposes a derivation from a northern Proto-Indo-European *ǵogʰ-on-, from a root *ǵogʰ- (‘shrub’), and adduces Lithuanian <mentioned xml:lang="lit" target="#cog_lit_zagaras"><ref target="#cog_lit_zagaras">žãgaras</ref></mentioned> (‘twig’), Latvian <mentioned xml:lang="lav" target="#cog_lav_zagari"><ref target="#cog_lav_zagari">žagari</ref></mentioned> (‘shrubs’) as cognates. The ultimate origin could be related to English cog, or Old English cǣġ (‘key’); see also Proto-West Germanic *kaiju (‘peg, key’).</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom">
              <orth>kagô</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom">
              <orth>kaganiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc">
              <orth>kaganų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc">
              <orth>kaganunz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen">
              <orth>kaginiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen">
              <orth>kaganǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat">
              <orth>kagini</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat">
              <orth>kagammaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr">
              <orth>kaginē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr">
              <orth>kagammiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #voc">
              <orth>kagô</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #voc">
              <orth>kaganiz</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*kagō</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>*ċeaga</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Old English</lang>
                      <orth>ċeacga</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Middle English</lang>
                        <orth>*chagge</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>English</lang>
                          <orth>chag</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*kagō</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>*kago</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>*kage, *kag</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Bavarian</lang>
                        <orth>Kag</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German</lang>
                        <orth>Kag</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>*kagi</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian Nynorsk</lang>
                    <orth>kage</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Swedish</lang>
                    <orth>kage</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>*kagi</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                    <orth>*kaggi</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Norwegian Nynorsk</lang>
                      <orth>kagge</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>*kagi</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                    <orth>*kaggi</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>*kagge, *kag</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>English</lang>
                        <orth>cag, kag</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>*kagi</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                    <orth>kaggi</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Faroese</lang>
                      <orth>kaggi</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                      <orth>kaggi</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Swedish</lang>
                      <orth>kagge</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>*kagi</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                    <orth>kaggi</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>*kagge, kag</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>English</lang>
                        <orth>keg, cag</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Scots</lang>
                        <orth>cag, caig</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>*kagi</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                    <orth>kaggi</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Old French</lang>
                      <orth>caque</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Middle French</lang>
                        <orth>kaque, quaque</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>French</lang>
                          <orth>caque</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
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