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      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *kalbaz</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-02"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_kalbaz_2</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
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    <body>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_kalbaz_2" type="noun" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/kalbaz">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>kalbaz</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈkɑl.βɑz</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᚲᚨᛚᛒᚨᛉ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>noun</pos>
            <gram type="gender">masculine</gram>
            <gram type="stem">a-stem</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>calf (of the leg)</def>
          </sense>
          <sense n="2">
            <def>soft tissue (of wood, muscle, etc.)</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">Of uncertain origin; perhaps related to *kulbaz (‘round object, lump; club, staff’).</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West-Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>?</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>kalf</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>German</lang>
                    <orth>Kalb</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>kalfi</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Faroese</lang>
                    <orth>kálvi</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>kálfi</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian Bokmål</lang>
                    <orth>kalve</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian Nynorsk</lang>
                    <orth>kalve, kæłve, kålve, kåvi</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>kalfi</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Middle English</lang>
                    <orth>calf, calfe</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>English</lang>
                      <orth>calf</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Scots</lang>
                      <orth>cauf, cauve, cawve</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>kalfi</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Swedish</lang>
                    <orth>kalver</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Swedish</lang>
                      <orth>kalv</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
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