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    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *kanhtaz</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-02"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_kanhtaz</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <list type="cognates">
        <item xml:id="cog_ine-x-proto_geh2w" xml:lang="ine-x-proto" type="etymon">
          <orth>*geh₂w-</orth>
          <def>to rejoice</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_ine-x-proto_genk" xml:lang="ine-x-proto" type="etymon">
          <orth>*genk-</orth>
          <def>to gladden, rejoice</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_lat_gaudeo" xml:lang="lat" type="cognate">
          <orth>gaudeō</orth>
          <def>to rejoice</def>
        </item>
      </list>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_kanhtaz" type="adj" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/kanhtaz">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>kanhtaz</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈkɑ̃ːx.tɑz</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᚲᚨᚾᚺᛏᚨᛉ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>adj</pos>
            <gram type="stem">a-stem</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>happy, glad</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">Of uncertain origin. The traditional reconstruction of the Germanic as *kawataz and subsequent derivation from Proto-Indo-European <mentioned xml:lang="ine-x-proto" target="#cog_ine-x-proto_geh2w"><ref target="#cog_ine-x-proto_geh2w">*geh₂w-</ref></mentioned> (‘to rejoice’), whence Latin <mentioned xml:lang="lat" target="#cog_lat_gaudeo"><ref target="#cog_lat_gaudeo">gaudeō</ref></mentioned> (‘to rejoice’), is doubtful due to the form of Elfdalian ką̊t requiring a nasal. Based on this, Kroonen reconstructs the term as *kanhtaz, which appears to stem from a Proto-Indo-European <mentioned xml:lang="ine-x-proto" target="#cog_ine-x-proto_genk"><ref target="#cog_ine-x-proto_genk">*genk-</ref></mentioned> (‘to gladden, rejoice’), albeit with no known cognates outside of Germanic.</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #masc #strong">
              <orth>kanhtaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #fem #strong">
              <orth>kanhtō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #neut #strong">
              <orth>kanhtą, -at, -atō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #masc #strong">
              <orth>kanhtai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #fem #strong">
              <orth>kanhtôz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #neut #strong">
              <orth>kanhtō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #masc #strong">
              <orth>kanhtanǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #fem #strong">
              <orth>kanhtǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #neut #strong">
              <orth>kanhtą, -at, -atō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #masc #strong">
              <orth>kanhtanz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #fem #strong">
              <orth>kanhtōz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #neut #strong">
              <orth>kanhtō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #masc #strong">
              <orth>kanhtas, kanhtis</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #fem #strong">
              <orth>kanhtaizōz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #neut #strong">
              <orth>kanhtas, kanhtis</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #masc #strong">
              <orth>kanhtaizǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #fem #strong">
              <orth>kanhtaizǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #neut #strong">
              <orth>kanhtaizǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #masc #strong">
              <orth>kanhtammai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #fem #strong">
              <orth>kanhtaizōi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #neut #strong">
              <orth>kanhtammai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #masc #strong">
              <orth>kanhtaimaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #fem #strong">
              <orth>kanhtaimaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #neut #strong">
              <orth>kanhtaimaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #masc #strong">
              <orth>kanhtanō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #fem #strong">
              <orth>kanhtaizō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #neut #strong">
              <orth>kanhtanō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #masc #strong">
              <orth>kanhtaimiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #fem #strong">
              <orth>kanhtaimiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #neut #strong">
              <orth>kanhtaimiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #masc #weak">
              <orth>kanhtô</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #fem #weak">
              <orth>kanhtǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #neut #weak">
              <orth>kanhtô</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #masc #weak">
              <orth>kanhtaniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #fem #weak">
              <orth>kanhtōniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #neut #weak">
              <orth>kanhtōnō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #masc #weak">
              <orth>kanhtanų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #fem #weak">
              <orth>kanhtōnų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #neut #weak">
              <orth>kanhtô</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #masc #weak">
              <orth>kanhtanunz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #fem #weak">
              <orth>kanhtōnunz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #neut #weak">
              <orth>kanhtōnō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #masc #weak">
              <orth>kanhtiniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #fem #weak">
              <orth>kanhtōniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #neut #weak">
              <orth>kanhtiniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #masc #weak">
              <orth>kanhtanǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #fem #weak">
              <orth>kanhtōnǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #neut #weak">
              <orth>kanhtanǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #masc #weak">
              <orth>kanhtini</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #fem #weak">
              <orth>kanhtōni</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #neut #weak">
              <orth>kanhtini</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #masc #weak">
              <orth>kanhtammaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #fem #weak">
              <orth>kanhtōmaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #neut #weak">
              <orth>kanhtammaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #masc #weak">
              <orth>kanhtinē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #fem #weak">
              <orth>kanhtōnē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #neut #weak">
              <orth>kanhtinē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #masc #weak">
              <orth>kanhtammiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #fem #weak">
              <orth>kanhtōmiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #neut #weak">
              <orth>kanhtammiz</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>kátr</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Elfdalian</lang>
                    <orth>ką̊t</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Faroese</lang>
                    <orth>kátur</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>kátur</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian Nynorsk</lang>
                    <orth>kåt</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Swedish</lang>
                    <orth>kåt</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>kátr</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Danish</lang>
                    <orth>kåd</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Norwegian Bokmål</lang>
                      <orth>kåt</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
  </text>
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