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    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *kelǭ</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-01"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_kelǭ</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <list type="cognates">
        <item xml:id="cog_grc_delear" xml:lang="grc" type="cognate">
          <orth>δέλεαρ</orth>
          <form type="translit">
            <orth>délear</orth>
          </form>
          <def>decoy, bait</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_ine-x-proto_gwelh1" xml:lang="ine-x-proto" type="etymon">
          <orth>*gʷelh₁-</orth>
          <def>to swallow; throat</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_ine-x-proto_gwerh3" xml:lang="ine-x-proto" type="etymon">
          <orth>*gʷerh₃-</orth>
          <def>to devour, eat</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_lat_gula" xml:lang="lat" type="cognate">
          <orth>gula</orth>
          <def>throat</def>
        </item>
      </list>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_kelo" type="noun" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/kelǭ">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>kelǭ</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈke.lɔ̃ː</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᚲᛖᛚᛟ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>noun</pos>
            <gram type="gender">feminine</gram>
            <gram type="stem">ōn-stem</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>throat</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">From Proto-Indo-European <mentioned xml:lang="ine-x-proto" target="#cog_ine-x-proto_gwelh1"><ref target="#cog_ine-x-proto_gwelh1">*gʷelh₁-</ref></mentioned> (‘to swallow; throat’). Cognate with Latin <mentioned xml:lang="lat" target="#cog_lat_gula"><ref target="#cog_lat_gula">gula</ref></mentioned> (‘throat’), Ancient Greek <mentioned xml:lang="grc" target="#cog_grc_delear"><ref target="#cog_grc_delear">δέλεαρ</ref></mentioned> (délear, ‘decoy, bait’), Old Armenian կլանեմ (klanem, ‘to swallow’), as well as perhaps Russian глота́ть (glotátʹ, ‘to swallow, gulp’), Persian گلو (galu, ‘throat’), Hindi गला (galā, ‘neck, throat’). The phonetic and semantic similarity of the root to Proto-Indo-European <mentioned xml:lang="ine-x-proto" target="#cog_ine-x-proto_gwerh3"><ref target="#cog_ine-x-proto_gwerh3">*gʷerh₃-</ref></mentioned> (‘to devour, eat’) is notable, though difficult to reconcile formally.</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom">
              <orth>kelǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom">
              <orth>kelōniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc">
              <orth>kelōnų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc">
              <orth>kelōnunz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen">
              <orth>kelōniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen">
              <orth>kelōnǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat">
              <orth>kelōni</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat">
              <orth>kelōmaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr">
              <orth>kelōnē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr">
              <orth>kelōmiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #voc">
              <orth>kelǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #voc">
              <orth>kelōniz</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*kelā</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>kela</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>kēle</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Limburgish</lang>
                        <orth>kael</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*kelā</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>kela</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>kēle</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Dutch</lang>
                        <orth>keel</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Afrikaans</lang>
                          <orth>keel</orth>
                        </form>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Negerhollands</lang>
                          <orth>keel</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*kelā</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>ċeole, ċiole</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>chel, cholle, joll</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>English</lang>
                        <orth>jowl</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Scots</lang>
                        <orth>chowl, choul</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*kelā</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Frisian</lang>
                    <orth>*kele</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Saterland Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>Kääle</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>West Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>kiel</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*kelā</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Frisian</lang>
                    <orth>*kele</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Old Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>kolk</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Saterland Frisian</lang>
                        <orth>Kolk</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>West Frisian</lang>
                        <orth>kolcke</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*kelā</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>kela, chela</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>kële, kël</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Cimbrian</lang>
                        <orth>khéela</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German</lang>
                        <orth>Kehle</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*kelā</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>kela</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>kēle, keele</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German Low German</lang>
                        <orth>Kehl</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>*kjala</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Elfdalian</lang>
                    <orth>grą̊-tjyölu</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-Samic</lang>
                  <orth>*kielō</orth>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-Finnic</lang>
                  <orth>*këlo</orth>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
  </text>
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