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    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *kinkōną</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-01"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_kinkōną</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <list type="cognates">
        <item xml:id="cog_san_ganja" xml:lang="san" type="cognate">
          <orth>गञ्ज</orth>
          <form type="translit">
            <orth>gañja</orth>
          </form>
          <def>disrespect</def>
        </item>
      </list>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_kinkona" type="verb" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/kinkōną">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>kinkōną</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈkin.kɔː.nɑ̃</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᚲᛁᚾᚲᛟᚾᚨ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>verb</pos>
            <gram type="class">Weak class 2</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>to laugh loudly, kink</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">From Proto-Indo-European *gang-, *ganǵ- (‘to mock, insult’). Cognate with Sanskrit <mentioned xml:lang="san" target="#cog_san_ganja"><ref target="#cog_san_ganja">गञ्ज</ref></mentioned> (gañja, ‘disrespect’).</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>kinkō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>kinkǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #sg">
              <orth>kinkōi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>kinkōsi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>kinkōs</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>kinkō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>kinkōsai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>kinkōsau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>kinkōþi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>kinkō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>kinkōþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>kinkōþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>kinkōþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>kinkōs</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>kinkōw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>kinkōþiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>kinkōþiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>kinkōþiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>kinkōmaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>kinkōm</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>kinkōnþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>kinkōnþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>kinkōþ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>kinkōþ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>kinkōþ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>kinkōnþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>kinkōnþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>kinkōnþi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>kinkōn</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>kinkōnþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>kinkōnþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>kinkōnþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #sg">
              <orth>kinkōdǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #sg">
              <orth>kinkōdēdį̄</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #sg">
              <orth>kinkōdēz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #sg">
              <orth>kinkōdēdīz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #sg">
              <orth>kinkōdē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #sg">
              <orth>kinkōdēdī</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #du">
              <orth>kinkōdēdū</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #du">
              <orth>kinkōdēdīw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #du">
              <orth>kinkōdēdudiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #du">
              <orth>kinkōdēdīdiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #pl">
              <orth>kinkōdēdum</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #pl">
              <orth>kinkōdēdīm</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #pl">
              <orth>kinkōdēdud</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #pl">
              <orth>kinkōdēdīd</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #pl">
              <orth>kinkōdēdun</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #pl">
              <orth>kinkōdēdīn</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="present">
              <orth>kinkōndz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="past">
              <orth>kinkōdaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="infinitive">
              <orth>kinkōną</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old English</lang>
                  <orth>*cincian</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Middle English</lang>
                    <orth>kinken, kynken, kenchen, kinkehost</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>English</lang>
                      <orth>kink, chincough</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Scots</lang>
                      <orth>kink, kinkhoste</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old English</lang>
                  <orth>cincung</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Middle English</lang>
                    <orth>kinken, kynken, kenchen, kinkehost</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>English</lang>
                      <orth>kink, chincough</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Scots</lang>
                      <orth>kink, kinkhoste</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old English</lang>
                  <orth>*cenċan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Middle English</lang>
                    <orth>kinken, kynken, kenchen, kinkehost</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>English</lang>
                      <orth>kink, chincough</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Scots</lang>
                      <orth>kink, kinkhoste</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Frisian</lang>
                  <orth>*kinkja</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>West Frisian</lang>
                    <orth>kinkhoast</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                  <orth>*kinkōn</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                    <orth>*kinken, kinkhōste</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>German</lang>
                      <orth>Keichhusten, Keuchhusten</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Low German</lang>
                      <orth>kinkhōst</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Swedish</lang>
                      <orth>kikhosta</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                  <orth>*kinkōn</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                    <orth>*kinken, kinkhōste</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Danish</lang>
                      <orth>kighoste</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                        <orth>kíghósti</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                  <orth>*kinkon</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>kincken, kinken, kinkhōste</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>kinken, kinkhoest</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
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